In this study, styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) was used to develop a novel functionalized electrospun membrane for the effective treatment of heavy metals in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) applications. Functionalization was achieved by the addition (doping) of the super hydrophobic Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (Al NPs) within the matrix of the membrane during electrospinning. Neat (pristine nondoped) and doped SBS membranes were tested. The performance of the SBS membranes were also compared with fabricated polyvinylidene fluoride membranes with and without doping with Al NPs. The membrane characteristics were tested via Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, pore size, and porosity investigations. The wettability of the membranes was investigated with respect to the liquid entry pressure (LEP) and contact angle. The performance of the membranes was tested in a DCMD setting for its ability to treat water containing salt (NaCl) and heavy metals (Cr (VI), Cd, Pb) in various concentration in a single and multicomponent systems. The SBS member exhibited excellent hydrophobicity characteristics such as a high LEP (16.87 psi) and contact angle (141° ± 2°). It also had superior permeate flux rate compared to the other prepared membranes (54.4 LMH). The addition of the Al₂O₃ nanoparticles enhance the performance of the membranes substantially. Slight decline in the flux was observed after 14 hours of continuous operating time that could be attributed to agglomeration, adsorption, or temperature polarization effects. The SBS AL NPs membranes also demonstrated excellent flux for saline solutions of varied concentrations with 99% salt rejection.

中文翻译：

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静电纺制Al2O3疏水功能化膜，采用直接接触膜蒸馏技术回收重金属

在这项研究中，苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）用于开发新颖的功能化电纺膜，用于在直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）应用中有效处理重金属。通过添加（掺杂）超疏水Al ₂ O _{3来实现功能化}静电纺丝过程中膜基质内的纳米颗粒（Al NPs）。测试了纯净的（原始非掺杂）和掺杂的SBS膜。还将SBS膜的性能与带和不带Al NPs的聚偏二氟乙烯膜的性能进行了比较。通过傅立叶变换红外，扫描电子显微镜，孔径和孔隙率研究测试了膜的特性。相对于液体进入压力（LEP）和接触角研究了膜的润湿性。膜的性能在DCMD设置下测试了其在单组分和多组分系统中处理各种浓度的盐（NaCl）和重金属（Cr（VI），Cd，Pb）的水的能力。SBS成员表现出出色的疏水性，例如高LEP（16。87 psi）和接触角（141°±2°）。与其他制备的膜（54.4 LMH）相比，它的渗透通量也更高。Al的添加₂ O ₃纳米颗粒大大增强了膜的性能。在连续运行14小时后，观察到通量略有下降，这可能归因于结块，吸附或温度极化效应。SBS AL NPs膜还显示出对各种浓度的盐溶液具有出色的通量，且排盐率达99％。