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Reallocating budgets among ongoing and emerging conservation projects
Conservation Biology ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 , DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13585
Chung-Huey Wu 1 , Aaron J Dodd 1, 2 , Cindy E Hauser 1 , Michael A McCarthy 1
Affiliation  

Conserving biodiversity and combating ecological hazards require cost-effective allocation of limited resources among potential management projects. Project priorities, however, can be both stochastic and dynamic over time as underlying social-ecological systems progress, novel priorities emerge, and management capabilities evolve. Thus, reallocation of ongoing investments in response to shifting priorities could improve management outcomes and address urgent demands, especially where additional funding is not available immediately. Resource reallocation, however, could incur transaction costs, require additional monitoring and reassessment, and be constrained by ongoing project commitments. Such complexities may prevent managers from considering potentially beneficial reallocation strategies, reducing long-term effectiveness. We propose an iterative project prioritization approach based on marginal return-on-investment estimation and portfolio optimization which guides resource reallocation among ongoing and new projects. Using simulation experiments within two case studies, we explore how this approach can improve efficacy under varying reallocation constraints, frequencies, costs, and rates of project portfolio change. We found that periodic budget reallocation could enhance the management of stochastically emerging invasive weeds in Australia, reducing the overall risk by up to 50% compared to a static budget. Reallocation frequency and the rate of new weed incursion synergistically increase the conservation gains achieved by allowing unconstrained reallocation. Conversely, budget reallocation would not improve the IUCN conservation status of threatened Australian birds due to slow rates of transition among conservation states, and might increase extinction risk if portfolio reassessment is costly. While other project prioritisation studies may recommend periodic reassessment and reallocation, our findings reveal conditions when reallocation is valuable, and demonstrate a structured approach that helps conservation agencies schedule and implement iterative budget allocation decisions cost-effectively. Article Impact Statement: Reallocating funding among conservation projects in response to shifting or emerging priorities may improve outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译:

在正在进行的和新兴的保护项目之间重新分配预算

保护生物多样性和对抗生态危害需要在潜在的管理项目中以具有成本效益的方式分配有限的资源。然而,随着潜在社会生态系统的发展、新的优先事项的出现和管理能力的发展,项目优先事项可以是随机的和动态的。因此,根据不断变化的优先事项重新分配正在进行的投资可以改善管理成果并解决紧迫的需求,尤其是在无法立即获得额外资金的情况下。然而,资源重新分配可能会产生交易成本,需要额外的监测和重新评估,并受到正在进行的项目承诺的限制。这种复杂性可能会阻止管理人员考虑潜在有益的重新分配策略,从而降低长期有效性。我们提出了一种基于边际投资回报估计和投资组合优化的迭代项目优先级方法,该方法指导正在进行的项目和新项目之间的资源重新分配。在两个案例研究中使用模拟实验,我们探索了这种方法如何在不同的重新分配约束、频率、成本和项目组合变化率下提高效率。我们发现,定期预算重新分配可以加强对澳大利亚随机出现的侵入性杂草的管理,与静态预算相比,总体风险降低多达 50%。重新分配频率和新杂草入侵率通过允许不受限制的重新分配协同增加了保护收益。反过来,由于保护状态之间的过渡速度缓慢,预算重新分配不会改善受威胁的澳大利亚鸟类的 IUCN 保护状况,并且如果投资组合重新评估成本高昂,可能会增加灭绝风险。虽然其他项目优先级研究可能会建议定期重新评估和重新分配,但我们的研究结果揭示了重新分配有价值的条件,并展示了一种结构化方法,可帮助保护机构以具有成本效益的方式安排和实施迭代预算分配决策。文章影响声明:在保护项目之间重新分配资金以响应不断变化或新出现的优先事项可能会改善结果。本文受版权保护。版权所有。如果投资组合重新评估成本高昂,则可能会增加灭绝风险。虽然其他项目优先级研究可能会建议定期重新评估和重新分配,但我们的研究结果揭示了重新分配有价值的条件,并展示了一种结构化方法,可帮助保护机构以具有成本效益的方式安排和实施迭代预算分配决策。文章影响声明:在保护项目之间重新分配资金以响应不断变化或新出现的优先事项可能会改善结果。本文受版权保护。版权所有。如果投资组合重新评估成本高昂,则可能会增加灭绝风险。虽然其他项目优先级研究可能会建议定期重新评估和重新分配,但我们的研究结果揭示了重新分配有价值的条件,并展示了一种结构化方法,可帮助保护机构以具有成本效益的方式安排和实施迭代预算分配决策。文章影响声明:在保护项目之间重新分配资金以响应不断变化或新出现的优先事项可能会改善结果。本文受版权保护。版权所有。并展示一种结构化方法,可帮助保护机构以具有成本效益的方式安排和实施迭代预算分配决策。文章影响声明:在保护项目之间重新分配资金以应对不断变化或新出现的优先事项可能会改善结果。本文受版权保护。版权所有。并展示一种结构化方法,可帮助保护机构以具有成本效益的方式安排和实施迭代预算分配决策。文章影响声明:在保护项目之间重新分配资金以响应不断变化或新出现的优先事项可能会改善结果。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
更新日期:2020-11-04
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