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Dramatic change in the diet of a late Pleistocene Elasmotherium population during its last days of life: Implications for its catastrophic mortality in the Saratov region of Russia
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109898
Florent Rivals , Natalya E. Prilepskaya , Ruslan I. Belyaev , Evgeny M. Pervushov

Abstract The late Pleistocene site of Irgiz 1 (Saratov Region, Russia) has yielded an accumulation of giant rhinoceros (Elasmotherium sibiricum) within the deposits of an oxbow lake. Irgiz 1 is one of the few sites in the world with a significant amount of elasmothere individuals of different age groups. Tooth mesowear and microwear are used to characterize the dietary traits of the giant rhinoceros on two temporal scales, the annual average diet and the diet at the time of death, respectively. Tooth mesowear, analyzed on 20 specimens, suggests a highly abrasive diet similar to that of extant grazers (similar to the extant white rhinoceros). Tooth microwear analyzed on 16 specimens, conversely, indicates that E. sibiricum was a browser (feeding on leaves from shrubs and trees) at the time of death. The strong discrepancy between the results from the two dietary proxies and the very low variability of the microwear signal suggest that these animals may have died in an event of short duration. The elasmotheres from the area around Irgiz 1 were grazers, but a catastrophic event, perhaps related to the significant accumulation of snow and/or ice coating (‘dzud’), limited the availability of grass and forced them to shift toward shrub/tree foliage that was still accessible. The combination of the two proxies, mesowear and microwear, allows the reconstruction of the dietary traits of E. sibiricum, but also to propose a hypothesis for death. This first study of tooth meso- and microwear on elasmotheres provided unique data which allows us to broaden our knowledge about the diet of these animals. The findings indicate that the Irgiz 1 population of elasmotheres died in a single catastrophic event and that the fossil assemblage is not time-averaged.

中文翻译:

晚更新世 Elasmotherium 种群在生命最后几天的饮食发生巨大变化:对其在俄罗斯萨拉托夫地区灾难性死亡的影响

摘要 Irgiz 1(俄罗斯萨拉托夫地区)的晚更新世遗址在一个牛轭湖的沉积物中产生了大量的巨型犀牛(Elasmotherium sibiricum)。Irgiz 1 是世界上少数几个拥有大量不同年龄组的 elasmothere 个体的地点之一。牙齿中观磨损和微磨损分别用于表征巨犀在两个时间尺度上的饮食特征,分别是年平均饮食和死亡时的饮食。对 20 个标本进行分析的牙齿中观磨损表明,它们的饮食类似于现存的食草动物(类似于现存的白犀牛)。相反,对 16 个样本进行的牙齿微磨损分析表明,西伯利亚大肠菌在死亡时是食肉动物(以灌木和树木的叶子为食)。两种饮食代理的结果之间的强烈差异和微磨损信号的极低可变性表明这些动物可能在短时间内死亡。来自 Irgiz 1 周围地区的 elasmotheres 是食草动物,但一场灾难性的事件,可能与雪和/或冰层('dzud')的大量积累有关,限制了草的可用性并迫使它们转向灌木/树叶那仍然可以访问。Mesowear 和 Microwear 这两个代理的组合允许重建 E. sibiricum 的饮食特征,但也提出了死亡假设。首次对弹性动物牙齿中微磨损的研究提供了独特的数据,使我们能够拓宽对这些动物饮食的了解。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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