Ever declining autopsy rates have been a concern of pathologists as well as clinicians for decades. Notably, in the field of oncology, data on autopsies and discrepancies between clinical and autoptic diagnoses are particularly scarce. In this retrospective study, we show the effect of a simple catalog of measures consisting of a different approach to obtain consent for autopsy, structured conferencing, and systematic teaching of residents, as well as a close collaboration between clinicians and pathologists on the numbers of autopsies, especially of oncological patients. Additionally, postmortem examination protocols from the years 2015 until 2019 were analyzed, regarding rates of discrepancies between clinical and autoptic causes of death in this category of patients. Autopsy numbers could be significantly increased from a minimum in 2014 (60 autopsies) to a maximum in 2018 (142 autopsies) (p < 0.0001). In the 67 autopsies of oncological cases, a high rate of 51% of major discrepancy between clinical and autoptic causes of death could be detected. In contrast to the general reported decline of autopsy rates, we present rising autopsy numbers over the past 5 years with an increasing number of oncological cases who underwent a postmortem examination. The high percentage of major discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis is in contrast to an expected decrease of major discrepancies in times of precise diagnostic methods and underlines the importance of autopsies to ensure high quality in diagnostics and therapy not only in the field of oncology.

几十年来，尸检率不断下降一直是病理学家和临床医生关注的问题。值得注意的是，在肿瘤学领域，关于尸检以及临床和自视诊断之间差异的数据特别稀少。在这项回顾性研究中，我们展示了一个简单的措施目录的影响，该目录包括获得尸检同意的不同方法、结构化会议和对居民的系统教学，以及临床医生和病理学家在尸检数量上的密切合作，尤其是肿瘤患者。此外，还分析了 2015 年至 2019 年的尸检协议，涉及此类患者的临床和自视死亡原因之间的差异率。p  < 0.0001)。在 67 例肿瘤病例的尸检中，可以检测到 51% 的临床和自视死亡原因之间的重大差异。与普遍报道的尸检率下降相反，我们提出过去 5 年尸检数量不断增加，接受尸检的肿瘤病例数量不断增加。临床和尸检诊断之间的主要差异的高百分比与精确诊断方法的主要差异预期减少形成对比，并强调了尸检对于确保高质量诊断和治疗的重要性，而不仅仅是在肿瘤学领域。