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Pupil dilation as an indicator of future thinking.
Neurological Sciences ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04533-z
Mohamad El Haj 1, 2, 3, 4 , Ahmed A Moustafa 5, 6
Affiliation  

Background

The pupil typically dilates in reaction to cognitive load. In this study, we, for the first time, investigated whether future thinking (i.e., the ability to generate hypothetical scenarios in the future) would result in pupil dilation.

Methods

We recorded pupil dilation of participants during two conditions: past and future thinking. In past thinking, we invited participants to retrieve past personal events, while in future thinking, we invited them to imagine an event that may occur in the future.

Results

Analysis demonstrated a larger pupil size during future than past thinking. Results also demonstrated longer retrieval time of future events compared with past ones, suggesting that future thinking perhaps requires more cognitive load than for past thinking. Interestingly, retrieval times during past and future thinking were positively correlated with pupil size.

Discussion

The finding that future thinking activates pupil dilation could be due to the fact that while both past and future thinking require retrieving information from memory, future, but not past, thinking additionally requires the ability to recombine this information into novel scenarios.



中文翻译:

学生的扩张是未来思维的指标。

背景

在对认知负荷的反应中,瞳孔通常会扩张。在这项研究中,我们第一次研究了未来的思维(即将来产生假设情景的能力)是否会导致瞳孔扩大。

方法

我们记录了参与者在两种情况下的瞳孔扩张情况:过去和将来的思维。在过去的思考中,我们邀请参与者检索过去的个人事件,而在未来的思考中,我们邀请他们想象将来可能发生的事件。

结果

分析表明,未来的学生比过去的思维更大。结果还表明,与过去相比,未来事件的检索时间更长,这表明未来思考可能比过去思考需要更多的认知负担。有趣的是,过去和未来思维中的检索时间与学生人数呈正相关。

讨论区

未来思维激发学生膨胀的发现可能是由于这样的事实,即过去和未来思维都需要从记忆中检索信息,而未来而不是过去需要思维,另外,思维还需要将这些信息重新组合成新颖场景的能力。

更新日期:2020-07-10
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