Background

There has been an increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults. It is believed that it is due to the increase in traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This change has affected the quality of life of young adults.

Aims

To describe the most common etiologies and risk factors in patients aged ≤ 50 who had ischemic stroke between 2011 and 2018.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study of patients under 50 years who had ischemic stroke between 2011 and 2018 who were evaluated at a comprehensive center in Bogotá, Colombia. We carried out a descriptive analysis of comorbidities, the Trial of Org for Acute Stroke (TOAST), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Results

A total of 152 patients were included, out of which 50.66% were men. The most frequent traditional risk factors were smoking history (19%), history of high blood pressure (18%), presence of cardiovascular disease (17%), and history of migraine (15%). The most common etiological subgroups were those classified as “other determined etiologies” (33.5%) and “undetermined etiology” (33.5%), while the most common etiology was carotid or vertebral artery dissection (23%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the need to make a deep evaluation of the past medical history, laboratory tests, and new risk factors in young adults. On the other hand, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors top the list, showing the need to implement health promotion strategies for young adults.

中文翻译：

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哥伦比亚波哥大年轻成年人的缺血性中风：一项横断面研究。

背景

年轻人缺血性中风的发生率已经增加。据认为，这是由于传统的心血管危险因素增加所致。这种变化影响了年轻人的生活质量。

目的

描述2011年至2018年间50岁以下缺血性卒中患者的最常见病因和危险因素。

方法

在哥伦比亚波哥大的综合中心对2011年至2018年间患有缺血性卒中的50岁以下患者进行了横断面研究。我们对合并症，急性中风组织试验（TOAST），美国国立卫生研究院中风量表（NIHSS）和改良的兰金量表（mRS）进行了描述性分析。

结果

总共包括152名患者，其中50.66％是男性。最常见的传统危险因素是吸烟史（19％），高血压史（18％），心血管疾病（17％）和偏头痛史（15％）。最常见的病因亚组是被分类为“其他确定的病因”（33.5％）和“不确定的病因”（33.5％），而最常见的病因是颈动脉或椎动脉夹层（23％）。

结论

这项研究表明有必要对年轻人的过去病史，实验室检查和新的危险因素进行深入评估。另一方面，可调节的心血管危险因素位居榜首，这表明有必要实施针对年轻人的健康促进策略。