Obesity exhibits a correlation with metabolic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoting the progression of metabolic disease such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and so on. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are central players in obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic diseases. Macrophages are involved in lipid and energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in adipocytes. Macrophage polarization is accompanied by metabolic shifting between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Here, this review focuses on macrophage metabolism linked to functional phenotypes with an emphasis on macrophage polarization in adipose tissue physiological and pathophysiological processes. In particular, the interplay between ATMs and adipocytes in energy metabolism, glycolysis, OXPHOS, iron handing and even interactions with the nervous system have been reviewed. Overall, the understanding of protective and pathogenic roles of ATMs in adipose tissue can potentially provide strategies to prevent and treat obesity-related metabolic disorders.

中文翻译：

---

涉及脂肪组织生理和病理生理过程的脂肪组织巨噬细胞的生物学和特性的综述。

肥胖与代谢炎症和内质网应激有关，促进了诸如糖尿病，高脂血症，高尿酸血症等代谢疾病的发展。脂肪组织巨噬细胞（ATM）是肥胖相关的炎症和代谢性疾病的主要参与者。巨噬细胞参与脂肪细胞的脂质和能量代谢以及线粒体功能。巨噬细胞极化伴随着糖酵解和线粒体氧化磷酸化之间的代谢转移。在这里，这篇综述着重于与功能表型相关的巨噬细胞代谢，重点是在脂肪组织生理和病理生理过程中的巨噬细胞极化。特别是ATM和脂肪细胞在能量代谢，糖酵解，OXPHOS，铁的处理，甚至与神经系统的相互作用都得到了审查。总体而言，对ATM在脂肪组织中的保护作用和致病作用的理解可能会为预防和治疗与肥胖相关的代谢紊乱提供策略。