Commodity network devices support adding in-band telemetry measurements into data packets, enabling a wide range of applications, including network troubleshooting, congestion control, and path tracing. However, including such information on packets adds significant overhead that impacts both flow completion times and application-level performance. We introduce PINT, an in-band telemetry framework that bounds the amount of information added to each packet. PINT encodes the requested data on multiple packets, allowing per-packet overhead limits that can be as low as one bit. We analyze PINT and prove performance bounds, including cases when multiple queries are running simultaneously. PINT is implemented in P4 and can be deployed on network devices. Using real topologies and traffic characteristics, we show that PINT concurrently enables applications such as congestion control, path tracing, and computing tail latencies, using only sixteen bits per packet, with performance comparable to the state of the art.

中文翻译：

---

PINT：概率带内网络遥测

商品网络设备支持将带内遥测测量添加到数据包中，从而实现广泛的应用，包括网络故障排除、拥塞控制和路径跟踪。但是，将此类信息包含在数据包中会增加显着的开销，从而影响流完成时间和应用程序级性能。我们介绍了 PINT，这是一种带内遥测框架，它限制了添加到每个数据包的信息量。PINT 在多个数据包上对请求的数据进行编码，允许每个数据包的开销限制可以低至一位。我们分析 PINT 并证明性能界限，包括同时运行多个查询的情况。PINT 在 P4 中实现，可以部署在网络设备上。使用真实的拓扑和流量特性，