A Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) was constructed and is the first regional land-fast sea-ice forecasting system for the Antarctic. FIPS had two components: (1) near-real-time information on the ice-covered area from MODIS and SAR imagery that revealed, tidal cracks, ridged and rafted ice regions; (2) a high-resolution 1-D thermodynamic snow and ice model (HIGHTSI) that was extended to perform a 2-D simulation on snow and ice evolution using atmospheric forcing from ECMWF: either using ERA-Interim reanalysis (in hindcast mode) or HERS operational 10-day predictions (in forecast mode). A hindcast experiment for the 2015 season was in good agreement with field observations, with a mean bias of 0.14 ± 0.07 m and a correlation coefficient of 0.98 for modeled ice thickness. The errors are largely caused by a cold bias in the atmospheric forcing. The thick snow cover during the 2015 season led to modeled formation of extensive snow ice and superimposed ice. The first FIPS operational service was performed during the 2017/18 season. The system predicted a realistic ice thickness and onset of snow surface melt as well as the area of internal ice melt. The model results on the snow and ice properties were considered by the captain of R/V Xuelong when optimizing a low-risk route for on-ice transportation through fast ice to the coastal Zhongshan Station.

中文翻译：

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南极洲东部普里兹湾陆上快速海冰的快速冰预测系统 (FIPS)：CHINARE 的一项运营服务

建立了一个快速冰预报系统（FIPS），这是第一个南极地区陆地快速海冰预报系统。FIPS 有两个组成部分：（1）来自 MODIS 和 SAR 图像的冰覆盖区域的近实时信息，显示潮汐裂缝、脊状和漂流冰区；(2) 高分辨率一维热力学冰雪模型 (HIGHTSI)，该模型已扩展为使用来自 ECMWF 的大气强迫对冰雪演化进行二维模拟：使用 ERA-Interim 再分析（后报模式）或 HERS 运营 10 天预测（在预测模式下）。2015 年季节的后报实验与现场观测非常吻合，平均偏差为 0.14 ± 0.07 m，模型冰厚度的相关系数为 0.98。这些误差主要是由大气强迫中的冷偏差引起的。2015 年季节的厚积雪导致大面积雪冰和叠加冰的模拟形成。第一次 FIPS 运营服务是在 2017/18 赛季期间执行的。该系统预测了真实的冰厚度和雪面融化的开始以及内部冰融化的区域。R/V船长考虑了冰雪特性的模型结果雪龙在优化通过快冰到沿海中山站的冰上运输的低风险路线时。