The objective was to determine the effects of feeding different fiber sources to cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy cats (both n = 10) on fecal metabolites. A cross-over within split-plot study design was performed using healthy and CKD cats (IRIS stage 1, 2, and 3). After cats were fed a complete and balanced dry food designed to aid in the management of renal disease for 14 days during a pre-trial period, they were randomly assigned to two fiber treatments for 4 weeks each. The treatment foods were formulated similar to pre-trial food and contained 0.500% betaine, 0.586% oat beta glucan, and either 0.407% short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) fiber or 3.44% apple pomace. Both treatment foods had similar crude fiber (2.0 and 2.1% for scFOS and apple pomace, respectively) whereas soluble fiber was 0.8 and 1.6%, respectively. At baseline, CKD had very little impact on the fecal metabolome. After feeding both fiber sources, some fecal metabolite concentrations were significantly different compared with baseline. Many fecal uremic toxins decreased, although in healthy cats some increased; and some more so when feeding apple pomace compared with scFOS, e.g., hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippurate, and 4-methylcatechol sulfate; the latter was also increased in CKD cats. Changes in secondary bile acid concentrations were more numerous in healthy compared with CKD cats, and cats in both groups had greater increases in some secondary bile acids after consuming apple pomace compared with scFOS, e.g., tauroursodeoxycholate and hyocholate. Although changes associated with feeding fiber were more significant than changes associated with disease status, differential modulation of the gut-kidney axis using dietary fiber may benefit cats.

中文翻译：

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慢性肾脏病猫的粪便代谢组变化与喂养纤维而不是健康状况有关。

目的是确定与健康猫（均为n = 10）相比，向患有慢性肾脏病（CKD）的猫饲喂不同纤维来源对粪便代谢产物的影响。使用健康猫和CKD猫（IRIS第1、2和3阶段）进行了剖分研究设计的交叉。在给猫喂食了完全均衡的干粮（旨在帮助肾脏疾病在预审期间进行管理）之前，其进行了14天的治疗，然后将它们随机分配给两种纤维疗法，每组4周。处理食品的配制类似于预审食品，并包含0.500％甜菜碱，0.586％燕麦β-葡聚糖和0.407％短链低聚果糖（scFOS）纤维或3.44％苹果渣。两种处理食品的粗纤维相似（scFOS和苹果渣分别为2.0％和2.1％），而可溶性纤维为0.8％和1.6％，分别。在基线时，CKD对粪便代谢组的影响很小。喂食两种纤维来源后，一些粪便代谢产物的浓度与基线相比有显着差异。许多粪尿毒症毒素减少，尽管在健康的猫中一些有所增加；与scFOS相比，在喂食苹果渣时，例如马尿酸盐，4-羟基马尿酸盐和4-甲基邻苯二酚硫酸盐含量更高；后者在CKD猫中也有所增加。与CKD猫相比，健康人的次级胆汁酸浓度变化更大，并且与scFOS相比，两组猫食用苹果渣后的次级胆汁酸增加幅度更大，例如牛磺去氧胆酸盐和胆酸盐。尽管与饲喂纤维相关的变化比与疾病状况相关的变化更重要，