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Parasite development affect dispersal dynamics; infectivity, activity and energetic status in cohorts of salmon louse copepodids
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151429
Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen , Nini H. Sissener , Anne D. Sandvik , Sonnich Meier , Pål N. Sævik , Morten D. Skogen , Tone Vågseth , Sussie Dalvin , Mette Skern-Mauritzen , Samantha Bui

Abstract The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is a parasitic copepod infecting wild and farmed salmonid fishes in the northern hemisphere. It has a direct lifecycle with a planktonic dispersal phase and an infective copepodid stage preceding five host bound stages. Several models predicting the dispersal of this ecologically and economically important pathogen have been developed, but none include variability in capability to infect. Therefore, the effect of age and temperature on infectivity and lipid metabolism was investigated experimentally using seven synchronized cohorts of copepodids at 5, 10 and 15 °C. In newly molted copepodids infectivity initially increase and then decrease with senescence. Within the experimental temperature range, peak infectivity was higher and occurred earlier at higher temperatures. While degree-days may serve as a useful crude descriptor of developmental age, it did not allow accurate prediction of infectivity peak timing and magnitude unless temperature was included as a separate factor in the derived infectivity model. Senescence was reflected in lipid store depletion and a temperature dependent variability in membrane lipid composition was evident. Interestingly, copepodids developing at 5 °C had approximately 50% less storage lipids when they molted into the parasitic stage than those developing at 10 and 15 °C. The declines in infectivity and storage energy were mirrored in decreasing copepodid swimming activity. When incorporating the copepodid infectivity results from this study into salmon louse dispersal model parameterization, the predictions suggest that earlier models may have underestimated the seasonal differences in salmon louse infection risk.

中文翻译:

寄生虫发育影响扩散动态;鲑鱼桡足类群的传染性、活动性和能量状态

摘要 鲑鱼虱 Lepeophtheirus salanis 是一种寄生桡足类动物,感染北半球野生和养殖的鲑鱼。它有一个直接的生命周期,在五个宿主结合阶段之前有一个浮游传播阶段和一个感染性桡足类阶段。已经开发了几种预测这种在生态和经济上具有重要意义的病原体传播的模型,但没有一个模型包括感染能力的可变性。因此,在 5、10 和 15°C 下,使用七个同步的桡足类动物队列,通过实验研究了年龄和温度对感染性和脂质代谢的影响。在新蜕皮的桡足类动物中,传染性最初增加,然后随着衰老而减少。在实验温度范围内,峰值传染性更高,并且在更高的温度下发生得更早。虽然度日可以作为发育年龄的一个有用的粗略描述符,但它不能准确预测感染高峰时间和大小,除非温度被作为一个单独的因素包含在派生的感染模型中。衰老反映在脂质储存消耗中,并且膜脂质组成的温度依赖性变化是明显的。有趣的是,在 5°C 发育的桡足类动物蜕皮到寄生阶段时,其储存脂质比在 10°C 和 15°C 发育的要少约 50%。传染性和储存能量的下降反映在桡足类游泳活动的减少。当将本研究的桡足类传染性结果纳入鲑鱼虱传播模型参数化时,
更新日期:2020-09-01
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