Visible light-activated photocatalysts offer a promising approach to remove recalcitrant organic contaminants from water without adding chemicals, using free solar energy. In this study, sulfate-doped silver phosphate (SO₄-Ag₃PO₄) was prepared using a simple precipitation method, and its visible light photocatalytic activity against seven neonicotinoid insecticides currently available on the market was evaluated. The characteristics of the photocatalysts were analyzed using diffuse reflectance-UV/visible spectrophotometer measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Photocatalytic degradation of all tested insecticides under visible light irradiation was significantly enhanced by SO₄ doping, which decreased band gap energy and charge transfer resistance. The apparent first-order rate constant (k_app) with SO₄-Ag₃PO₄ varied depending on the insecticides (0.003–0.432/min), and was at least 5.4-fold faster than that with pristine Ag₃PO₄, in the order of thiacloprid (TCP) > nitenpyram (NTP) > imidacloprid (ICP) > clothianidin (CTD) > acetamiprid (ATP) > thiamethoxam (TMX) > dinotefuran (DTF). Even after four reuse cycles, SO₄-Ag₃PO₄ maintained over 75% of its initial photocatalytic efficiency. Reactive species trapping experiments indicated that photoinduced electron holes (h⁺) were the most important oxidant for ICP degradation.

可见光活化的光催化剂提供了一种有前途的方法，可以利用自由太阳能从水中去除顽固的有机污染物，而无需添加化学物质。在这项研究中，使用简单的沉淀法制备了硫酸盐掺杂的磷酸银（SO ₄ -Ag ₃ PO ₄），并评估了其对目前市场上出售的7种新烟碱类杀虫剂的可见光催化活性。使用漫反射-UV /可见光分光光度计测量和电化学阻抗谱分析来分析光催化剂的特性。SO ₄显着增强了所有测试杀虫剂在可见光照射下的光催化降解掺杂，降低了带隙能量和电荷转移阻力。SO ₄ -Ag ₃ PO ₄的表观一级速率常数（k _app）随杀虫剂的不同而变化（0.003-0.432 / min），比原始Ag ₃ PO ₄快至少5.4倍。噻虫啉（TCP）>乙炔吡虫（NTP）>吡虫啉（ICP）>噻虫胺（CTD）>乙酰胺（ATP）>噻虫嗪（TMX）>地替呋喃（DTF）的顺序。即使经过四个重复使用循环，SO ₄ -Ag ₃ PO ₄仍保持其初始光催化效率的75％以上。反应物种捕获实验表明，光致电子空穴（h⁺）是ICP降解的最重要氧化剂。