Background. Viral encephalitis is the most common infectious disease of the central nervous system and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and disability. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, therapeutic management, and outcomes of patients clinically diagnosed with viral encephalitis and identify the outcome predictors. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study by collecting information from patients clinically diagnosed with viral encephalitis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2013 to December 2018. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that influenced good patient outcomes () and poor patient outcomes () at discharge. Results. In total, 216 patients were enrolled in the study. The multivariate analysis suggested that the following factors were associated with a poor outcome: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (OR 0.154, 95% CI (0.078-0.302), and ), focal neurological deficits (OR 9.403, 95% CI (1.581-55.928), and ), and total length of hospital stay (OR 1.119, 95% CI (1.002-1.250), and ). However, neurological intensive care unit (NICU) treatment, status epilepticus, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings did not influence the prognosis of patients. Conclusion. Our study suggests that low GCS scores at admission, focal neurological deficits at admission, and a prolonged total hospital stay are predictors of a poor outcome at discharge in clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis patients. Whether early and effective neurological rehabilitation can improve the prognosis of viral encephalitis patients with focal neurological deficits remains to be confirmed in further studies.

中文翻译：

---

临床诊断病毒性脑炎患者预后的预测因素：一项 5 年前瞻性研究。

背景。病毒性脑炎是中枢神经系统最常见的传染病，与高发病率、死亡率和残疾有关。本研究的目的是分析临床诊断为病毒性脑炎患者的临床特征、辅助检查、治疗管理和结果，并确定结果预测因子。方法。我们通过收集 2013 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月在重庆医科大学第一附属医院和重庆医科大学永川医院临床诊断为病毒性脑炎的患者的信息进行了一项前瞻性观察性研究。进行单变量和多变量分析以确定影响因素良好的患者结果（)和不良的患者预后 ()出院时。结果。总共有 216 名患者参加了该研究。多变量分析表明，以下因素与不良结局相关：格拉斯哥昏迷量表 (GCS) 评分 (OR 0.154, 95% CI (0.078-0.302)，以及)、局灶性神经功能缺损 (OR 9.403, 95% CI (1.581-55.928) 和)和总住院时间 (OR 1.119, 95% CI (1.002-1.250), 和）。然而，神经重症监护病房 (NICU) 治疗、癫痫持续状态和脑电图 (EEG) 异常结果并不影响患者的预后。结论。我们的研究表明，入院时的低 GCS 评分、入院时的局灶性神经功能缺损和总住院时间延长是临床诊断的病毒性脑炎患者出院时预后不良的预测因素。早期有效的神经康复治疗能否改善局灶性神经功能缺损病毒性脑炎患者的预后仍有待进一步研究证实。