Thinning is one of the most important tools of forest management, although thinning operations require the use of machines which ultimately cause damage to the remaining stand. The level of damage largely depends on the human factor, and a tired, less focused operator will create more injuries in the forest. With this in mind, the objectives of this research were to find out whether the probability of tree damage caused by an operator is also affected by: (1) the part of the day (dawn/day/dusk/night), and (2) the cumulative shift time. The research was carried out in pure pine stands of different ages, density and thinning intensities. Sample plots were selected that had an increasing number of trees per hectare and growing thinning intensities were applied. The same Komatsu 931.1 harvester was used for the thinning operations in each stand. In all the age classes combined, 5.41% of the remaining trees were wounded. There was a significant influence of the part of the day on the percentage of damaged trees, which was positively correlated with the cumulative shift time. Stand conditions, such as age class and stand density, as well as thinning characteristics—thinning intensity, number of harvested trees and productivity—have different effects on the distribution of damage intensity and on probability. The results may improve the planning of operators’ work shifts in forests of various ages and densities, allowing harvester productivity to be maintained while at the same time inflicting the lowest possible level of damage.

中文翻译：

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不同林分条件下CTL采收期间昼夜和累积移动时间对树木伤害发生频率的影响

细化是森林管理的最重要工具之一，尽管细化操作需要使用最终会损坏其余林分的机器。破坏程度在很大程度上取决于人为因素，疲惫，专注力不足的操作员会在森林中造成更多伤害。考虑到这一点，本研究的目的是确定操作员造成树木损坏的可能性是否也受到以下因素的影响：（1）白天（黎明/白天/黄昏/夜晚），和（2 ）的累积移位时间。该研究是在不同年龄，密度和间伐强度的纯松林中进行的。选择的样地每公顷树木数量增加，并且间伐强度不断提高。每个机架的疏伐操作使用相同的小松931.1收割机。在所有年龄段中，有5.41％的树木受伤。一天中的这一部分对受损树木的百分比有显着影响，这与累积移动时间成正相关。林分条件，例如年龄等级和林分密度，以及间伐特性（稀疏强度，砍伐的树木数量和生产力）对破坏强度的分布和概率有不同的影响。结果可能会改善在不同年龄和密度的森林中操作员工作轮班的计划，从而在保持收割机生产率的同时，将破坏程度降至最低。与累积移动时间成正相关。林分条件，例如年龄等级和林分密度，以及间伐特性（稀疏强度，砍伐的树木数量和生产力）对破坏强度的分布和概率有不同的影响。结果可能会改善在不同年龄和密度的森林中操作员工作轮班的计划，从而在保持收割机生产率的同时，将破坏程度降至最低。与累积移动时间成正相关。林分条件，例如年龄等级和林分密度，以及间伐特性（稀疏强度，砍伐的树木数量和生产力）对破坏强度的分布和概率有不同的影响。结果可能会改善在不同年龄和密度的森林中操作员工作轮班的计划，从而在保持收割机生产率的同时，将破坏程度降至最低。