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Trophic Levels Predict the Nutritional Essentiality of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Fish—Introduction to a Special Section and a Brief Synthesis
North American Journal of Aquaculture ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 , DOI: 10.1002/naaq.10137
Jesse T. Trushenski 1 , Artur N. Rombenso 1
Affiliation  

Defining nutritional fatty acid essentiality in fish nutrition is complex given the wide range of taxonomic (e.g., divergence among species subjected to different selective pressures), biological (e.g., trophic levels and environmental tolerances), and external (e.g., experimental conditions and differences in feed formulation and manufacturing) factors involved, all of which can influence absolute requirements. Fishes vary in their ability to meet the physiological demand for long‐chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; i.e., 20:4[n‐6], 20:5[n‐3], and 22:6[n‐3]) via elongation and desaturation of C18 PUFA (i.e., 18:2[n‐6] and 18:3[n‐3]) precursors. Previous attempts to generalize dietary fatty acid requirements have been focused on thermal and salinity preferences, suggesting—in many cases inaccurately—that coldwater and/or marine fish exhibit dietary requirements for LC‐PUFAs but warmwater and/or freshwater species do not. Here, we provide a review of the current literature on the subject of dietary fatty acid essentiality in fish and introduce the experiments that form the basis of this special section. In these experiments, we tested the nutritional essentiality of C18 PUFAs versus LC‐PUFAs in feeds for five finfish relevant to intensive aquaculture: Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Florida Pompano Trachinotus carolinus, and hybrid Striped Bass (White Bass Morone chrysops × Striped Bass M. saxatilis), hypothesizing that the nutritional essentiality of C18 PUFAs versus LC‐PUFAs would be determined by trophic level. The findings collectively suggest that trophic level is the most reliable predictor of C18 PUFA versus LC‐PUFA nutritional essentiality in fish.

中文翻译:

营养水平预测鱼中多不饱和脂肪酸的营养必要性—特殊章节介绍和简要合成

鉴于广泛的分类学(例如,承受不同选择压力的物种之间的差异),生物学(例如营养水平和环境耐受性)和外部(例如,实验条件和差异)的范围,在鱼类营养中定义营养脂肪酸的必要性很复杂。饲料配方和制造)因素,所有这些因素都会影响绝对需求。鱼类满足长链(LC)多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)生理需求的能力各不相同;即20:4 [n-6],20:5 [n-3]和22:6 [n- 3])通过C 18的延伸和去饱和PUFA(即18:2 [n-6]和18:3 [n-3])前体。先前对膳食脂肪酸需求进行一般化的尝试都集中在热量和盐度的偏好上,这表明-在许多情况下不准确-冷水和/或海鱼对LC-PUFA的膳食需求量很大,而温水和/或淡水物种却没有。在这里,我们提供了有关鱼类中膳食脂肪酸必需性的最新文献综述,并介绍了构成该特殊部分基础的实验。在这些实验中,我们测试了与集约化养殖有关的五种有鳍鱼类的饲料中C 18 PUFA和LC-PUFA的营养必要性:虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykisssIctalurus punctatus,尼罗罗非鱼尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus),佛罗里达Po(Pompan Trachinotus carolinus)和杂交条纹鲈鱼(White Bass Morone chrysops ×Striped Bass saxatilis)假设C 18 PUFA与LC-PUFAs的营养重要性取决于营养水平。这些发现共同表明,营养水平是鱼类中C 18 PUFA与LC-PUFA营养必需品最可靠的预测指标。
更新日期:2020-03-20
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