Several enveloped viruses, particularly some RNA viruses, have high rates of mutation or replication, which can make them virulent pathogens in humans and other mammals. A proposed treatment could use synthesized proteins to mask pathogenic viral surface proteins to quickly induce an immune attack on specific enveloped viruses by using existing immune cells. One treatment could inject dual‐protein ligand masks into patients' bloodstreams to mask pathogenic surface proteins used to infect mammalian cells. The mammalian immune system already uses an analogous, more complex structure called a pentraxin to neutralize some pathogens by connecting their surface proteins to immune cells. And several types of antiviral peptides have already experimentally demonstrated effectiveness in blocking various viral pathogen infections. These treatments offer advantages, especially for currently untreatable viral pathogens. Furthermore, using dual‐protein ligands and the antigenic memory of some sub‐populations of NK cells would also allow the creation of defacto vaccines based on a host's NK cells, instead of vaccines utilizing CD4 and CD8 α:β T cells, which are limited by the requirement of MHC presentation of the target antigens to α:β T cells. Targeted NK cell vaccines could attack host cells latently or actively infected by intracellular pathogens, even host cells having pathogen downregulated MHC antigen presentation. Eight postulates concerning the effects of pathogen mutation, or change in phenotype from genetic recombination or rearrangement, and replication rates on pathogen vs host dominance are also listed, which should be applicable to viral and non‐viral pathogens.

中文翻译：

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一种针对具有高突变或复制率的致病性包膜病毒的建议治疗方法。

几种包膜病毒，尤其是一些 RNA 病毒，具有很高的突变或复制率，这可能使它们成为人类和其他哺乳动物的剧毒病原体。一种提议的治疗方法可以使用合成的蛋白质来掩盖致病性病毒表面蛋白，从而通过使用现有的免疫细胞快速诱导对特定包膜病毒的免疫攻击。一种治疗方法可以将双蛋白配体掩膜注射到患者的血液中，以掩盖用于感染哺乳动物细胞的致病性表面蛋白。哺乳动物的免疫系统已经使用了一种类似的、更复杂的结构，称为 pentraxin，通过将病原体的表面蛋白连接到免疫细胞来中和一些病原体。几种类型的抗病毒肽已经通过实验证明可以有效阻断各种病毒病原体感染。这些治疗提供了优势，特别是对于目前无法治疗的病毒病原体。此外，使用双蛋白配体和某些 NK 细胞亚群的抗原记忆也将允许创建基于宿主 NK 细胞的事实上的疫苗，而不是利用有限的 CD4 和 CD8 α:β T 细胞的疫苗通过将靶抗原的 MHC 呈递给 α:β T 细胞的要求。靶向 NK 细胞疫苗可以攻击潜伏或主动感染细胞内病原体的宿主细胞，甚至是病原体下调 MHC 抗原呈递的宿主细胞。还列出了关于病原体突变或基因重组或重排引起的表型变化以及病原体与宿主优势的复制率影响的八个假设，