Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS driven by the inflammatory activity of peripheral immune cells recruited to the CNS and by CNS-resident glial cells. MS pathogenesis has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the commensal flora have been shown to modulate immune processes relevant to MS pathogenesis. We discuss the effects of the gut microbiota on T cells and glial cells, and their relevance for the control of inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. A better understanding of the gut-CNS axis will shed new light on the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and may help to guide the development of efficacious therapies for MS.

中文翻译：

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多发性硬化症中的肠道-中枢神经系统轴

多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种中枢神经系统自身免疫性炎症性疾病，由募集到中枢神经系统的外周免疫细胞和中枢神经系统驻留神经胶质细胞的炎症活动驱动。MS 发病机制与遗传和环境因素有关。此外，共生菌群已被证明可以调节与 MS 发病机制相关的免疫过程。我们讨论了肠道微生物群对 T 细胞和神经胶质细胞的影响，以及它们与控制 MS 炎症和神经变性的相关性。更好地了解肠道-中枢神经系统轴将为疾病发病机制提供新的线索，并可能有助于指导 MS 有效疗法的开发。