In view of the increasing electrification of public city transport, an accurate energy consumption prediction for Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) is essential. Conventional prediction algorithms do not consider energy losses that occur during turning of the vehicle. This is especially relevant for electric city buses, which have a limited battery capacity and often drive curvy routes.

In this paper, the additional energy consumption during steering of a BEB is modeled, measured, and assessed. A nonlinear steady-state cornering model is developed to establish the additional energy losses during cornering. The model includes large steer angles, load transfer, and a Magic Formula tire model. Model results show that both cornering resistance and tire scrub of the rear tires cause additional energy losses during cornering, depending on the corner radius and vehicle velocity.

The energy consumption model is validated with full scale vehicle tests and shows an average deviation of 0.8 kW compared to the measurements. Analysis of recorded real-world bus routes reveals that on average these effects constitute 3.1% of the total powertrain energy. The effect is even more significant for routes crossing city centers, reaching values up to 5.8%. In these cases, cornering losses can be significant and should not be neglected in an accurate energy consumption prediction.

鉴于公共城市交通的电气化日益增长，准确预测电池电动公交车（BEB）的能耗至关重要。常规的预测算法不考虑在车辆转弯期间发生的能量损失。这对于电动城市公交车尤其重要，因为电动公交车的电池容量有限，并且经常行驶弯曲的路线。

在本文中，对BEB操纵过程中的额外能耗进行了建模，测量和评估。建立了非线性稳态转弯模型以建立转弯过程中的附加能量损失。该模型包括大转向角，载荷传递和Magic Formula轮胎模型。模型结果表明，转弯阻力和后轮胎的轮胎擦洗都会在转弯过程中引起额外的能量损失，具体取决于转弯半径和车速。

能耗模型已通过全面的车辆测试进行了验证，与测量值相比，平均偏差为0.8 kW。对记录的现实世界公交路线的分析表明，这些影响平均构成总动力总成能量的3.1％。对于穿越市中心的路线而言，其影响更为显着，价值高达5.8％。在这些情况下，转弯损失可能很大，因此在准确的能耗预测中不应忽略。