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The regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs in neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and gene transcription.
Neurochemistry international ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104795
Sheng-Tao Hou 1
Affiliation  

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are ubiquitously expressed in neurons from worms to humans. A cardinal feature of CRMPs is to mediate growth cone collapse in response to Semaphorin-3A signaling through interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. These are critical regulatory roles that CRMPs play during neuritogenesis and neural network formation. Through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, SUMOylation, and proteolytic cleavage, CRMPs participate in synaptic plasticity by modulating NMDA receptors, L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), thus affecting neurotransmitter release. CRMPs also possess histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone H4 during neuronal death. Calcium-dependent proteolytic cleavage of CRMPs results in the truncation of CRMPs, producing a large 54 kD fragment (p54). Translocation of the p54 fragment into the nucleus leads to deacetylation of nuclear histone H4 and de-repression of transcription factor E2F1 expression. Increased expression of E2F1 elevates the expression of genes in cell cycle and death. These new and exciting studies lead to the realization that CRMPs are multifunctional proteins with both regulatory and enzymatic functions. Increasing numbers of studies associate these functions of CRMPs with the development of mental and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's diseases, brain trauma, and stroke. This review focuses on new evidence showing the regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs and highlights recent understandings of CRMPs' roles in neurological diseases.



中文翻译:

CRMPs 在神经发生、突触可塑性和基因转录中的调节和酶促功能。

折叠蛋白反应介质蛋白 (CRMP) 在从蠕虫到人类的神经元中普遍表达。CRMPs 的一个主要特征是通过与细胞骨架蛋白的相互作用介导生长锥塌陷以响应 Semaphorin-3A 信号。这些是 CRMP 在神经发生和神经网络形成过程中发挥的关键调节作用。通过翻译后修饰,如磷酸化、O-GlcNAcylation、SUMOylation 和蛋白水解裂解,CRMPs 通过调节 NMDA 受体、L 型和 N 型电压门控钙通道 (VGCC) 参与突触可塑性,从而影响神经递质的释放。CRMP 还具有组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 活性,可在神经元死亡期间使组蛋白 H4 脱乙酰。CRMP 的钙依赖性蛋白水解裂解导致 CRMP 的截断,产生一个大的 54 kD 片段 (p54)。p54 片段易位到细胞核中导致核组蛋白 H4 去乙酰化和转录因子 E2F1 表达去抑制。E2F1 表达的增加会提高细胞周期和死亡中基因的表达。这些令人兴奋的新研究使人们认识到 CRMP 是具有调节和酶促功能的多功能蛋白质。越来越多的研究将 CRMP 的这些功能与精神和神经障碍的发展联系起来,例如精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病、脑外伤和中风。本综述重点关注显示 CRMP 的调节和酶促功能的新证据,并强调了最近对 CRMP 在神经系统疾病中的作用的理解。p54 片段易位到细胞核中导致核组蛋白 H4 去乙酰化和转录因子 E2F1 表达去抑制。E2F1 表达的增加会提高细胞周期和死亡中基因的表达。这些令人兴奋的新研究使人们认识到 CRMP 是具有调节和酶促功能的多功能蛋白质。越来越多的研究将 CRMP 的这些功能与精神和神经障碍的发展联系起来,例如精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病、脑外伤和中风。本综述重点关注显示 CRMP 的调节和酶促功能的新证据,并强调了最近对 CRMP 在神经系统疾病中的作用的理解。p54 片段易位到细胞核中导致核组蛋白 H4 去乙酰化和转录因子 E2F1 表达去抑制。E2F1 表达的增加会提高细胞周期和死亡中基因的表达。这些令人兴奋的新研究使人们认识到 CRMP 是具有调节和酶促功能的多功能蛋白质。越来越多的研究将 CRMP 的这些功能与精神和神经障碍的发展联系起来,例如精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病、脑外伤和中风。本综述重点关注显示 CRMP 的调节和酶促功能的新证据,并强调了最近对 CRMP 在神经系统疾病中的作用的理解。

更新日期:2020-07-09
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