Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects patients over the age of 65. PD is characterized by loss of neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Once PD is clinically diagnosed by the observation of motor dysfunction, the disease is already in its advance stages. Consequently, there is a major push to identify clinical biomarkers that are useful for the earlier detection of PD. Using untargeted metabolomics, several research groups have identified purine molecules, and specifically urate, as important biomarkers related to PD. This review will summarize recent findings in the field of purine metabolomics and biomarker identification for PD, including in the areas of PD pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In addition, this article will summarize and examine the primary research techniques that are employed to quantify purine molecules in both experimental systems and human subjects.

帕金森病 (PD) 是一种神经退行性疾病，主要影响 65 岁以上的患者。PD 的特征是黑质中的神经元丢失和纹状体中的多巴胺缺乏。一旦通过观察运动功能障碍在临床上诊断出 PD，则该疾病已经处于晚期阶段。因此，大力推动鉴定可用于早期检测 PD 的临床生物标志物。使用非靶向代谢组学，几个研究小组已经确定嘌呤分子，特别是尿酸盐，作为与 PD 相关的重要生物标志物。本综述将总结嘌呤代谢组学和 PD 生物标志物鉴定领域的最新发现，包括 PD 病理生理学、诊断、预后和治疗领域。此外，