Objectives

To investigate the influence of surface microstructure and chemistry after modification on surface bioactivity and biosafety of carbon fibers reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) composites as implants.

Methods

CF/PEEK composites with different CF contents (0 wt%, 25 wt% and 40 wt%) were prepared by injection molding and treated by concentrated sulfuric acid. A porous network was produced on the surface by etching action. Subsequently, the sulfonated CF/PEEK composites were immersed in GO solution. Thus, GO wrinkles with abundant functional groups were wrapped outside the porous nanostructures on CF/PEEK composites. The cell responses in vitro (proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and cell mineralization), osseointegration in vivo (fluorochrome labeling, H&E staining and X-ray analysis) and biosafety were investigated.

Results

The pore size of porous layer on the surface of CF/PEEK composites was improved with the increase of CF content. Subsequently, a silk-like GO wrinkles on the surface were formed by GO modification. And the more CF content, the greater the degree of GO wrinkles. The results revealed that GO functional wrinkle up-regulated surface hydrophilicity. In vitro cell experiments showed that porous nanostructures and GO wrinkles dramatically promoted initial cell behaviors. Significantly, GO modified composites exhibited enhanced bioactivity and osseointegration in vivo. Fortunately, the GO wrapped porous CF/PEEK composites displayed biosafety.

Significance

The surface modification is effective and the modified composites showed great bioactivity. The GO wrapped porous CF/PEEK composites would hold great potential for implants.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯包裹的多孔CF / PEEK复合材料作为可植入材料的骨整合和生物安全性：表面结构和化学作用。

目标

研究改性后的表面微观结构和化学性质对作为植入物的碳纤维增强PEEK（CF / PEEK）复合材料的表面生物活性和生物安全性的影响。

方法

通过注塑制备具有不同CF含量（0重量％，25重量％和40重量％）的CF / PEEK复合材料，并用浓硫酸处理。通过蚀刻作用在表面上产生了多孔网络。随后，将磺化的CF / PEEK复合材料浸入GO溶液中。因此，具有丰富官能团的GO皱纹被包裹在CF / PEEK复合材料的多孔纳米结构之外。研究了体外细胞反应（增殖，碱性磷酸酶活性和细胞矿化），体内骨整合（荧光染料标记，H＆E染色和X射线分析）和生物安全性。

结果

CF / PEEK复合材料表面多孔层的孔径随CF含量的增加而提高。随后，通过GO改性在表面上形成丝状的GO皱纹。CF含量越高，GO皱纹的程度就越大。结果表明，GO功能性皱纹上调了表面亲水性。体外细胞实验表明，多孔纳米结构和GO皱纹显着促进了初始细胞行为。重要的是，GO改性的复合材料在体内表现出增强的生物活性和骨整合。幸运的是，GO包裹的多孔CF / PEEK复合材料具有生物安全性。

意义

表面改性是有效的，并且改性的复合材料显示出很大的生物活性。GO包裹的多孔CF / PEEK复合材料将具有巨大的植入潜力。