Identification of the risk factors associated with Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is essential for the adoption of potentially prevention strategies. Accordingly, our objectives were to determine the geographic distribution of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) infection and identify the risk factors associated with cow-level BLV infection in the Egyptian dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1299 mixed breed cows distributed over four provinces in the Nile Delta of Egypt in 2018. The randomly selected cows on each farm were serologically tested for BLV, and the cow’s information was obtained from the farm records. Four variables (geographic location, herd size, number of parities, and age) were used for risk analysis. A total of 230 serum samples (17.7 %) were serologically positive for BLV. The highest prevalence of BLV infection was associated with parity (OR = 3.4, 95 %CI 2.4–4.9) with 80 % probability of being BLV-positive at parity ≥5, followed by herd size (OR = 1.8, 95 %CI 1.4–2.2). However, geographic location seems to have no impact on the prevalence of BLV infection in Egypt. Our findings strongly indicate that the intensive surveillance and effective prevention strategies against BLV infection in Egypt should be provided to multiparous cows with ≥5 parities and live in large farm with more than 200 cows.

识别与牛牛白血病（EBL）相关的危险因素对于采用潜在的预防策略至关重要。因此，我们的目标是确定牛白血病病毒（BLV）感染的地理分布，并确定与埃及奶牛中牛水平BLV感染相关的危险因素。2018年对分布在埃及尼罗河三角洲四个省份的1299头混合种牛进行了横断面研究。对每个农场随机选择的母牛进行了血清学检测BLV，并从农场记录中获得了母牛的信息。四个变量（地理位置，畜群大小，胎次数量和年龄）用于风险分析。总共230份血清样本（17.7％）对BLV呈血清学阳性。BLV感染的最高发生率与胎次有关（OR = 3.4，95％CI 2.4-4.9），胎次≥5时，BLV阳性的可能性为80％，其次是牛群大小（OR = 1.8，95％CI 1.4- 2.2）。但是，地理位置似乎对埃及的BLV感染率没有影响。我们的发现有力地表明，应为≥5个胎的多头母牛和生活在200多头母牛的大农场中的人提供针对BLV感染的强化监视和有效预防策略。