Abstract Swine and poultry meat production are two important sectors in the U.S. economy. They play an important role in environmental sustainability because they contribute to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as the result of agricultural and production activities. To improve the sustainability of swine and poultry meat production, it is important to understand the environmental effects and identify the key drivers of the production activities. In this work, we presented an environmental assessment of the production of swine (i.e., pork) and poultry (i.e., broiler chicken). We conducted a life-cycle analysis of formulating animal feeds using soybean meal, corn, distiller-dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and synthetic amino acids as candidate ingredients to produce swine and poultry. We evaluated GHG emissions, fossil fuel consumption, and water consumption from formulating and utilizing a variety of animal feeds based on these ingredients for swine and poultry production, using an expanded version of the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET®) model. With pork and broiler chicken as the finished products, the functional unit was defined as one kg of live-weight animal at the farm gate. Feed production was the major contributor to the life-cycle GHG emissions (88 % and 91 % of the total GHG emissions for swine and poultry production, respectively) and fossil fuel consumption (79 % and 84 % of the total fossil fuel consumption for swine and poultry process, respectively). Among the four ingredient types, amino acids had the biggest GHG emission footprint; however, DDGS had the largest effect on increasing GHG emissions of swine and poultry production.

中文翻译：

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豆粕、含可溶物的蒸馏干燥谷物和用于猪和家禽生产的合成氨基酸动物饲料的生命周期分析

摘要 猪肉和禽肉生产是美国经济的两个重要部门。它们在环境可持续性方面发挥着重要作用，因为它们会导致农业和生产活动产生的温室气体 (GHG) 排放。为了提高猪和禽肉生产的可持续性，了解环境影响并确定生产活动的关键驱动因素非常重要。在这项工作中，我们对猪（即猪肉）和家禽（即肉鸡）的生产进行了环境评估。我们使用豆粕、玉米、含可溶物的蒸馏干燥谷物 (DDGS) 和合成氨基酸作为生产猪和家禽的候选成分，对配制动物饲料进行了生命周期分析。我们评估了温室气体排放、化石燃料消耗、使用扩展版本的温室气体、管制排放和交通能源使用 (GREET®) 模型，配制和利用基于这些成分的各种动物饲料用于猪和家禽生产的水消耗量。以猪肉和肉鸡为成品，功能单位定义为一公斤活重动物在农场门口。饲料生产是生命周期温室气体排放（分别占猪和家禽生产温室气体排放总量的 88% 和 91%）和化石燃料消耗（猪化石燃料消耗总量的 79% 和 84%）的主要贡献者和家禽加工）。在四种成分类型中，氨基酸的温室气体排放足迹最大；然而，