Anthocyanins are a type of natural pigment that have high potential for development and utilization in regions like food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, with nitrogen and phosphorus starvation possibly promoting their accumulation in grapes. However, it remains unclear whether such starvation impacts the grape callus, or how the co-starvation of nitrogen and phosphorus affects the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. Here, we investigated how nitrogen starvation, phosphorus starvation, and the co-starvation of these two elements affects the synthesis of anthocyanins in the callus of grape skin. Results showed that separate starvation of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus co-starvation, inhibited callus growth, while significantly promoting the accumulation of anthocyanins. However, co-starvation did not facilitate anthocyanin biosynthesis during the later stages of callus growth. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of VvUFGT and VvMYBA1 was closely related to anthocyanin accumulation in the callus under nitrogen and phosphorus starvation. Besides, we also confirmed that the abscisic acid signaling pathway was involved in anthocyanin accumulation as well as callus resistance under adverse conditions. This study provides a basis for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in grapes, as well as theoretical support for the production of anthocyanins by callus culture.

花青素是一种天然色素，在食品，制药和化妆品行业等地区具有很高的开发和利用潜力，氮和磷的饥饿可能促进其在葡萄中的积累。然而，尚不清楚这种饥饿是否影响葡萄愈伤组织，或氮和磷的共同饥饿如何影响花色素苷的生物合成。在这里，我们研究了氮饥饿，磷饥饿以及这两种元素的共同饥饿如何影响葡萄皮愈伤组织中花色苷的合成。结果表明，氮和磷的单独饥饿以及氮和磷的共同饥饿抑制了愈伤组织的生长，同时显着促进了花色苷的积累。然而，在愈伤组织生长的后期，共同饥饿不能促进花色苷的生物合成。qRT-PCR分析表明VvUFGT和VvMYBA1与氮和磷饥饿时花青素在愈伤组织中的积累密切相关。此外，我们还证实了脱落酸信号通路参与了不良条件下的花色苷积累和愈伤组织抗性。该研究为研究葡萄中花色苷合成的调控机制提供了基础，并为愈伤组织培养生产花色苷提供了理论支持。