Directed forgetting paradigms assess cognitive control by determining whether memory accuracy is superior in trials on which subjects were instructed to remember compared with accuracy in trials on which they were instructed to forget. We used a directed forgetting paradigm to compare the extent to which working memory and familiarity are subject to rehearsal-like cognitive control in rhesus monkeys. Monkeys studied a sample image, then saw one of two distinctive cues during a retention interval. The remember cue typically predicted a four-choice match to sample test, for which memory of the sample was critical. The forget cue typically predicted one of five perceptual discrimination tests, matched for accuracy to the memory tests, for which memory of the sample was irrelevant. On rare probe trials, the test type other than the type typically predicted by the cue was presented. When cognitive control of memory was possible, accuracy should have been higher on memory tests following the remember cue than on those following the forget cue. We found that accuracy was higher following the remember cue under conditions that favored working memory (small image set) but was not higher under conditions that favored matching on the basis of relative familiarity (large image set). Working memory, but not familiarity, is subject to cognitive control in rhesus monkeys.

定向遗忘范式通过确定在指示受试者记住的试验中的记忆准确性是否优于在指示他们忘记的试验中的准确性，从而评估认知控制。我们使用定向遗忘范式来比较恒河猴的工作记忆和熟悉程度受排练式认知控制的影响。猴子研究了一张样本图像，然后在保留间隔期间看到了两个不同的线索之一。该记得球杆典型地预测四选择匹配样品试验中，其中样品的存储器是至关重要的。该忘记提示通常预测五个感知辨别测试中的一个，与记忆测试的准确性相匹配，其中样本的记忆无关紧要。在罕见的探测试验中，出现了与提示通常预测的类型不同的测试类型。当记忆的认知控制成为可能时，在记忆线索之后的记忆测试中的准确性应该比在遗忘线索之后的记忆测试的准确度更高。我们发现，在有利于工作记忆（小图像集）的条件下，记住提示后的准确率更高，但在有利于基于相对熟悉的匹配（大图像集）的条件下，准确率并不高。在恒河猴中，工作记忆受认知控制，但不熟悉。