The problem of contact line pinning on surfaces is pervasive and contributes to problems from ring stains to ice formation. Here we provide a single conceptual framework for interfacial strategies encompassing five strategies for modifying the solid-liquid interface to remove pinning and increase droplet mobility. Three biomimetic strategies are included, (i) reducing the liquid-solid interfacial area inspired by the Lotus effect, (ii) converting the liquid-solid contact to a solid-solid contact by the formation of a liquid marble inspired by how galling aphids remove honeydew, and (iii) converting the liquid-solid interface to a liquid-lubricant contact by the use of a lubricant impregnated surface inspired by the Nepenthes Pitcher plant. Two further strategies are, (iv) converting the liquid-solid contact to a liquid-vapor contact by using the Leidenfrost effect, and (v) converting the contact to a liquid-liquid-like contact using slippery omniphobic covalent attachment of a liquid-like coating (SOCAL). Using these approaches, we explain how surfaces can be designed to have smart functionality whilst retaining the mobility of contact lines and droplets. Furthermore, we show how droplets can evaporate at constant contact angle, be positioned using a Cheerios effect, transported by boundary reconfiguration in an energy invariant manner, and drive the rotation of solid components in a Leidenfrost heat engine. Our conceptual framework enables the rationale design of surfaces which are slippery to liquids and is relevant to a diverse range of applications.

中文翻译：

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智能滑面的界面策略

接触线钉扎在表面上的问题无处不在，并导致从环斑到结冰的问题。在这里，我们为界面策略提供了一个单一的概念框架，其中包括用于修改固液界面以消除钉扎和增加液滴流动性的五种策略。包括三种仿生策略，（i）减小莲花效应激发的液固界面面积，（ii）通过去除胆汁蚜虫的方式激发液体大理石的形成，将液固接触转化为固固接触蜜露；和（iii）通过使用猪笼草启发的浸有润滑剂的表面将液-固界面转变成液体-润滑剂接触猪笼草。另外两种策略是：（iv）利用莱顿弗罗斯特效应将液固接触转变为液-气接触，以及（v）利用滑液的全疏水共价连接将接触转变为液-液样接触。像涂料（SOCAL）。使用这些方法，我们解释了如何在保持接触线和液滴流动性的同时将表面设计为具有智能功能。此外，我们展示了液滴如何以恒定的接触角蒸发，如何利用Cheerios效应进行定位，如何以边界不变的方式以能量不变的方式进行运输以及如何驱动莱顿弗罗斯特热机中的固体成分旋转。我们的概念框架可实现对光滑液体的表面进行合理的设计，并与多种应用相关。