Many studies have highlighted the added value of incorporating vehicle dynamics into microsimulation. Such models usually focus on simulation of conventional vehicles, failing to account for the acceleration dynamics of electrified vehicles that have different power characteristics from those of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). In addition, none of them have explicitly dealt with the vehicle’s deceleration characteristics. Although it is not commonly considered critical how a vehicle decelerates, unrealistic behaviors in simulations can distort both traffic flow and emissions results. The present work builds on the lightweight microsimulation free-flow acceleration (MFC) model and proposes an extension, marking the first attempt to address these research gaps. First, a comprehensive review of dynamics-based car-following (including free-flow) models is conducted. Second, the methodology of the MFC model to capture the dynamics of electrified vehicles is described. Then, the experimental setup in different dimensions is introduced for the model validation and implementation. Finally, the results of this study indicate that: (1) the acceleration and deceleration potential curves underlying the MFC model can accurately represent real dynamics of electrified vehicles tested on the chassis dynamometer; (2) smooth transitions can be guaranteed after implementing the MFC model in microsimulation; (3) when reproducing the on-road driving trajectories, the MFC model can deliver significant reductions in root mean square error (RMSE) of speed (by ∼69%) and acceleration (by ∼50%) compared with benchmarks; (4) the MFC model can accurately predict the vehicle 0–100 km/h acceleration specifications, with RMSE 49.4% and 56.8% lower than those of the Gipps model and the intelligent driver model (IDM), respectively.

许多研究强调了将车辆动力学纳入微观仿真的附加价值。这样的模型通常集中于常规车辆的仿真，而没有考虑具有与内燃机车辆（ICEV）不同的功率特性的电动车辆的加速动力学。另外，它们均未明确涉及车辆的减速特性。尽管通常不认为车辆如何减速至关重要，但是模拟中不切实际的行为会扭曲交通流量和排放结果。本工作建立在轻型微仿真自由流动加速（MFC）模型的基础上，并提出了扩展，这是解决这些研究空白的首次尝试。第一，对基于动力学的汽车跟随（包括自由流动）模型进行了全面回顾。其次，描述了捕获电动汽车动力学的MFC模型的方法。然后，引入了不同尺寸的实验装置，以进行模型验证和实现。最后，这项研究的结果表明：（1）MFC模型基础上的加速和减速电势曲线可以准确表示在底盘测功机上测试的电动车辆的真实动态；（2）在微观仿真中实现MFC模型后，可以保证平滑过渡；（3）当再现道路行驶轨迹时，与基准相比，MFC模型可以显着降低速度（约69％）和加速度（约50％）的均方根误差（RMSE）；