Disinfection practices reduce the incidence of water‐borne diseases but may result in formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in raw water that are reported to be carcinogenic. Central composite design (CCD) was employed in the present study for optimization of disinfectant dose and contact time with the rationale to evaluate if an optimal balance could be achieved between minimal DBPs formation and effective microbial inactivation with either free or combined chlorine in treated water within a lab‐scale prototype network to simulate real water distribution network conditions. After a series of experimental runs based upon design of experiments (DoE) by CCD, dose was found to be the most significant factor (P < 0.01) in determining DBPs formation in both disinfectant’s applications. Where, contact time significantly (P < 0.01) affected bacterial inactivation in chlorination experiments, in contrast, dose was effective in chloramination experiments. Thus, it was concluded that the optimal balance may be achieved in the water networks with the help of multifactorial optimization when disinfectant dose was maintained near 3 mg/L as applied chlorine dose in both disinfection cases, while contact time was 62 and 155 min for chlorine and chloramine, respectively.

中文翻译：

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使用中央复合设计比较放大的水分配网络中氯化和氯化方法对微生物灭活效率的影响

消毒做法可以减少水传播疾病的发生，但可能会导致原水中据称具有致癌性的消毒副产物（DBP）形成。本研究采用中央复合设计（CCD）来优化消毒剂量和接触时间，并据以评估是否可以在最少的DBP生成与有效的微生物灭活之间实现最佳平衡，在处理水中的游离氯或联合氯可以有效地灭活一个实验室规模的原型网络，可模拟实际的配水网络状况。在基于CCD的实验设计（DoE）进行了一系列实验后，发现剂量是最重要的因素（P <0.01）来确定两种消毒剂应用中DBP的形成。 相比之下，在氯化实验中，接触时间显着（P <0.01）影响细菌灭活，而在氯化实验中，剂量是有效的。因此，可以得出结论，在两种消毒情况下，当消毒剂剂量与施氯量保持在3 mg / L附近时，借助多因素优化可以在水网中实现最佳平衡，而接触时间分别为62和155分钟氯和氯胺分别。