Invasive species present one of the largest threats to the recruitment and persistence of native plant communities. Land managers generally apply two approaches to help control invasive species and restore native plant communities: (1) improve ecosystem processes that preferentially support native species (e.g. reintroduce disturbance regimes) or (2) directly treat non‐native species (e.g. herbicide use). Few utilize both. Over nearly a decade, we tracked the establishment and population growth of Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) on a hydrologically restored floodplain and adjacent grassland sites, concurrently with a controlled herbicide application experiment. We found that perennial pepperweed stem counts were lower in years with longer duration flood events (p < 0.0001) and after herbicide application (p < 0.0005). In floodplain areas, native species increased in the years following herbicide treatments or after wet water years, while grassland sites were reinvaded by other non‐native species. Our results suggest that long inundation periods can effectively control perennial pepperweed over large areas when used in concert with herbicide control during dry years or in drier areas. Given the natural variability in inundation periods, our study highlights the need for longer‐term (>3–5 years) studies to evaluate the effectiveness of invasive species control programs. Overall, our study emphasized the need for further integration of traditional weed control approaches with restored ecological function to effectively control invasive plants and stimulate native plant recovery.

中文翻译：

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恢复的水文连通性和除草剂的相互作用抑制了洪泛区入侵物种的主导地位

入侵物种是对本地植物群落招募和持久性的最大威胁之一。土地管理人员通常采用两种方法来帮助控制入侵物种并恢复本地植物群落：（1）改善优先支持本地物种的生态系统过程（例如重新引入干扰制度）或（2）直接处理非本地物种（例如使用除草剂）。很少同时使用两者。在将近十年的时间里，我们在经过水文修复的洪泛区和邻近的草地上，跟踪了pi草（多年生杂草）的建立和种群增长，同时进行了受控除草剂施用实验。我们发现，随着洪水持续时间的延长，多年生胡椒的茎数会减少（p <0.0001）和除草剂施用后（p <0.0005）。在洪泛区，除草剂处理后的几年或湿水年份后，本地物种都在增加，而草原地区又被其他非本地物种入侵。我们的结果表明，在干旱年份或干旱地区，与除草剂控制配合使用时，长时间的淹没期可以有效控制大面积的多年生杂草。考虑到淹没期的自然可变性，我们的研究强调需要进行长期（> 3-5年）研究以评估入侵物种控制计划的有效性。总体而言，我们的研究强调需要进一步整合具有恢复的生态功能的传统杂草控制方法，以有效控制入侵植物并刺激原生植物的恢复。