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Neuropathological profile of long-duration amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in military Veterans.
Brain Pathology ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 , DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12876
Keith R Spencer 1 , Zachariah W Foster 1 , Nazifa Abdul Rauf 1 , Latease Guilderson 1 , Derek Collins 1 , James G Averill 2 , Sean E Walker 2 , Ian Robey 2 , Jonathan D Cherry 1, 3, 4 , Victor E Alvarez 1, 3, 5, 6 , Bertrand R Huber 1, 3, 6 , Ann C McKee 1, 3, 5, 6 , Neil W Kowall 1, 3, 5 , Christopher B Brady 1, 5, 7 , Thor D Stein 1, 3, 4, 6
Affiliation  

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting both the upper and lower motor neurons. Although ALS typically leads to death within 3 to 5 years after initial symptom onset, approximately 10% of patients with ALS live more than 10 years after symptom onset. We set out to determine similarities and differences in clinical presentation and neuropathology in persons with ALS with long vs. those with standard duration. Participants were United States military Veterans with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of ALS (n = 179), dichotomized into standard duration (<10 years) and long‐duration (≥10 years). The ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS‐R) was administered at study entry and semi‐annually thereafter until death. Microglial density was determined in a subset of participants. long‐duration ALS occurred in 76 participants (42%) with a mean disease duration of 16.3 years (min/max = 10.1/42.2). Participants with long‐duration ALS were younger at disease onset (P = 0.002), had a slower initial ALS symptom progression on the ALSFRS‐R (P < 0.001) and took longer to diagnose (P < 0.002) than standard duration ALS. Pathologically, long‐duration ALS was associated with less frequent TDP‐43 pathology (P < 0.001). Upper motor neuron degeneration was similar; however, long‐duration ALS participants had less severe lower motor neuron degeneration at death (P < 0.001). In addition, the density of microglia was decreased in the corticospinal tract (P = 0.017) and spinal cord anterior horn (P = 0.009) in long‐duration ALS. Notably, many neuropathological markers of ALS were similar between the standard and long‐duration groups and there was no difference in the frequency of known ALS genetic mutations. These findings suggest that the lower motor neuron system is relatively spared in long‐duration ALS and that pathological progression is likely slowed by as yet unknown genetic and environmental modifiers.

中文翻译:

退伍军人长期肌萎缩侧索硬化的神经病理学特征。

肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,影响上运动神经元和下运动神经元。虽然 ALS 通常会在初始症状出现后 3 至 5 年内导致死亡,但大约 10% 的 ALS 患者在症状出现后存活超过 10 年。我们着手确定长期肌萎缩侧索硬化患者与标准持续时间肌萎缩侧索硬化患者在临床表现和神经病理学方面的异同。参与者是经病理确诊为 ALS 的美国退伍军人 (n = 179),分为标准病程(<10 年)和长期病程(≥10 年)。ALS 功能评定量表修订版 (ALSFRS-R) 在研究开始时使用,此后每半年使用一次,直至死亡。在一部分参与者中确定了小胶质细胞密度。76 名参与者 (42%) 发生长期肌萎缩侧索硬化,平均病程为 16.3 年(最小/最长 = 10.1/42.2)。患有长期 ALS 的参与者在疾病发作时更年轻(P  = 0.002),在 ALSFRS-R 上的初始 ALS 症状进展较慢 ( P  < 0.001),并且比标准持续时间 ALS 需要更长的时间来诊断 ( P  < 0.002)。在病理学上,长期 ALS 与较少发生的 TDP-43 病理相关(P  < 0.001)。上运动神经元变性相似;然而,长期 ALS 参与者在死亡时下运动神经元退化的严重程度较低 ( P  < 0.001)。此外,皮质脊髓束(P  = 0.017)和脊髓前角(P = 0.009) 在长期 ALS 中。值得注意的是,ALS 的许多神经病理学标志物在标准组和长期组之间相似,并且已知 ALS 基因突变的频率没有差异。这些发现表明,下运动神经元系统在长期肌萎缩侧索硬化中相对幸免,并且病理进展可能因未知的遗传和环境调节剂而减慢。
更新日期:2020-07-07
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