Viruses are linked to a multitude of human illnesses and can disseminate widely in urbanized environments causing global adverse impacts on communities and healthcare infrastructures. Wastewater-based epidemiology was employed using metagenomics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to identify enteric and non-enteric viruses collected from a large urban area for potential public health monitoring and outbreak analysis. Untreated wastewater samples were collected from November 2017 to February 2018 (n = 54) to evaluate the diversity of human viral pathogens in collected samples. Viruses were classified into virus types based on primary transmission routes and reviewed against viral associated diseases reported in the catchment area. Metagenomics detected the presence of viral pathogens that cause clinically significant diseases reported within the study area during the sampling year. Detected viruses belong to the Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Herpesviridae, Matonaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Retroviridae, and Togaviridae families. Furthermore, concentrations of adenovirus, norovirus GII, sapovirus, hepatitis A virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8 were measured in wastewater samples and compared to metagenomic findings to confirm detected viral genus. Hepatitis A virus obtained the greatest average viral load (1.86 × 10⁷ genome copies/L) in wastewater samples compared to other viruses quantified using qPCR with a 100% detection rate in metagenomic samples. Average concentration of sapovirus (1.36 × 10⁶ genome copies/L) was significantly greater than norovirus GII (2.94 × 10⁴ genome copies/L) indicating a higher burden within the study area. Findings obtained from this study aid in evaluating the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology for identification and routine monitoring of various viruses in large communities. This methodology has the potential to improve public health responses to large scale outbreaks and viral pandemics.

病毒与多种人类疾病有关，可以在城市化环境中广泛传播，从而对社区和医疗基础设施造成全球性不利影响。基于废水的流行病学采用宏基因组学和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）分析方法来鉴定从大城市地区收集的肠病毒和非肠病毒，以进行潜在的公共卫生监测和爆发分析。从2017年11月至2018年2月（n = 54）收集未经处理的废水样本，以评估收集样本中人类病毒病原体的多样性。根据主要传播途径，将病毒分类为病毒类型，并针对集水区报告的病毒相关疾病进行审查。元基因组学检测到在采样年内研究区域内报告的引起临床上重大疾病的病毒病原体的存在。检测到的病毒属于腺病毒，星状病毒，杯状病毒，冠状病毒，黄病毒科，Hepeviridae，疱疹，Matonaviridae，乳头瘤病毒，细小病毒，小核糖核酸病毒，痘病毒，逆转录病毒，和披膜病毒科家庭。此外，在废水样品中测量了腺病毒，诺如病毒GII，沙波病毒，甲型肝炎病毒，人疱疹病毒6和人疱疹病毒8的浓度，并将其与宏基因组研究结果进行比较，以确认检测到的病毒属。与使用qPCR定量的其他病毒相比，甲型肝炎病毒在废水样品中获得最大的平均病毒载量（1.86×10 ⁷基因组拷贝/ L），在宏基因组学样品中检出率为100％。佐波病毒的平均浓度（1.36×10 ^6个基因组拷贝/升）显着高于诺如病毒GII（2.94×10 ^4个）基因组拷贝数（L），表明研究区域内的负担更高。从这项研究中获得的发现有助于评估基于废水的流行病学在大型社区中识别和常规监测各种病毒的实用性。这种方法有可能改善公共卫生对大规模暴发和病毒性大流行的反应。