Targeting gut microbiota with probiotics has emerged as a promising nutritional approach for the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Cultured dairy products can be effectively employed for the delivery of probiotics to the gut as well as for the support of growth and survival of probiotic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of probiotic-enriched pasteurized milk and dairy products (Greek-style yogurt and cottage cheese) of different origins (cow, goat, and camel) on taxonomic composition of the mouse gut microbiota. We hypothesized that cultured dairy products can be an effective vector for the delivery of probiotics to the gut because of its nutritional value, acidic nature, and long shelf-life. Mice were fed a standard low fat, plant polysaccharide-rich (LF/PP) diet supplemented with the probiotic-enriched milk and dairy products for 5 weeks. Next generation sequencing of DNA from mouse fecal samples was used to characterize the bacterial relative abundance. Mice fed a diet supplemented with camel milk demonstrated characteristic changes in the gut microbiota, which included an increase in relative abundance of order Clostridiales and genus Anaerostipes. Mice fed a diet supplemented with the probiotic-enriched cow cheese exhibited an increase in the relative abundance of order Clostridiales, family Ruminococcaceae, and family Lachnospiraceae. The results obtained and their bioinformatics analysis support the conclusion that camel milk and the probiotic cow cheese induce changes in the mouse gut microbiota, which can be characterized as potentially beneficial to health compared to the changes associated with a standard diet. These findings imply that probiotic-enriched milk and dairy products can be highly effective for the delivery and support of probiotic bacteria of the gut.

中文翻译：

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富含益生菌的牛奶和乳制品增加肠道微生物群多样性：一项比较研究

用益生菌靶向肠道微生物群已成为预防肥胖和代谢综合征的一种有前途的营养方法。培养的乳制品可以有效地用于将益生菌输送到肠道以及支持益生菌的生长和存活。本研究的目的是表征不同来源（牛、山羊和骆驼）的富含益生菌的巴氏杀菌牛奶和乳制品（希腊式酸奶和干酪）对小鼠肠道微生物群分类组成的影响。我们假设，由于其营养价值、酸性和长保质期，培养乳制品可以成为将益生菌输送到肠道的有效载体。小鼠被喂食标准的低脂肪，富含植物多糖 (LF/PP) 的饮食补充了富含益生菌的牛奶和乳制品 5 周。来自小鼠粪便样本的 DNA 的下一代测序用于表征细菌的相对丰度。喂食补充骆驼奶的饮食的小鼠表现出肠道微生物群的特征变化，其中包括梭菌目和厌氧菌属的相对丰度增加。喂食补充有富含益生菌的牛奶酪的饮食的小鼠表现出梭菌目、瘤胃球菌科和毛螺菌科的相对丰度增加。获得的结果及其生物信息学分析支持骆驼奶和益生菌牛奶酪诱导小鼠肠道微生物群变化的结论，与标准饮食相关的变化相比，这可以被描述为对健康有潜在的好处。这些发现意味着富含益生菌的牛奶和乳制品对于肠道益生菌的输送和支持非常有效。