Low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of crop farming has been causing serious environmental consequences. Here, we established a NUECF (nutrient use efficiency of crop farming) model with substance flow analysis (SFA) method to examine NUE and PUE of cultivating nine main crops in Chaohu Watershed in 2015. We collected data mainly from questionnaires, interview, literature, and governmental statistical yearbooks. We found that the total NUE and the total PUE were low, bellowing 12.3% and 5.2%, respectively. The nutrient inputs especially large-scale livestock manure, domestic livestock manure, and chemical fertilizers far exceeded the crop products. Different crops also showed the various patterns of nutrient use efficiencies. Rice consumed the largest nutrient inputs (807 kg N ha^-1 and 367 kg P ha^-1) and contributed the lowest nutrient use efficiencies (NUE: 5.8%, PUE: 2.7%). This was mainly resulted from its large fertilizer application intensity and the largest cultivated area. Rapeseed, vegetable, and wheat also contributed the great nutrient inputs and low nutrient use efficiencies, due to the similar reasons. Concerning the various patterns of fertilizer-application and cultivated areas of these crops, we analyzed six scenarios focusing on rice, wheat, rapeseed, and vegetable for 2030 and 2050 to explore an efficient nutrient management. We selected the four key factors including application intensity of chemical fertilizer, application rate of domestic livestock manure, application rate of large-scale livestock manure, and cultivated area to design the scenarios. The scenario results showed that though current policy of controlling chemical fertilizer application is a good start to manage nutrient, we have to enhance an integrated nutrient management, including reducing chemical fertilizers on specific crops, enlarging livestock manure, and controlling cultivated areas of specific crops. With the integrated nutrient management, we can expect the nutrient inputs to reduced by 26% and hence improve the nutrient use efficiencies efficiently from 2015 to 2050. The study managed the nutrients from examining nutrient use efficiencies among different crops, and could provide an effective way to mitigate the environmental problems from crop farming.

作物种植的低氮利用效率（NUE）和磷利用效率（PUE）一直在造成严重的环境后果。在这里，我们采用物质流分析（SFA）方法建立了NUECF（农作物营养利用效率）模型，以研究2015年巢湖流域9种主要农作物的NUE和PUE。我们主要从问卷，访谈，文献，和政府统计年鉴。我们发现总的NUE和总的PUE较低，分别为12.3％和5.2％。营养成分的投入，尤其是大规模的畜禽粪便，家庭畜禽粪便和化肥，远远超过了农作物。不同的农作物还表现出不同的养分利用效率模式。水稻消耗的最大养分（807千克N ha ^-1和367 kg P ha ^-1），并贡献了最低的养分利用率（NUE：5.8％，PUE：2.7％）。这主要是由于其高施肥强度和最大的耕地面积。由于相似的原因，油菜籽，蔬菜和小麦也贡献了大量的养分投入和较低的养分利用效率。关于这些作物的肥料施用方式和耕地的各种模式，我们分析了2030年和2050年针对稻米，小麦，油菜籽和蔬菜的六种情景，以探索有效的养分管理。选择了化肥施用强度，家畜粪便施用量，大型牲畜粪便施用量和耕地面积这四个关键因素来设计方案。情景结果表明，尽管当前控制化肥施用的政策是管理养分的良好开端，但我们必须加强综合养分管理，包括减少特定作物上的化学肥料，扩大牲畜粪便和控制特定作物的种植面积。通过集成的养分管理，我们可以预期，从2015年到2050年，养分投入将减少26％，从而有效地提高养分利用效率。该研究通过检查不同作物之间的养分利用效率来管理养分，并可以提供一种有效的方法减轻农作物种植带来的环境问题。包括减少特定农作物的化学肥料，扩大牲畜粪便以及控制特定农作物的耕种面积。通过集成的养分管理，我们可以预期，从2015年到2050年，养分投入将减少26％，从而有效地提高养分利用效率。该研究通过检查不同作物之间的养分利用效率来管理养分，并可以提供一种有效的方法减轻农作物种植带来的环境问题。包括减少特定农作物的化学肥料，扩大牲畜粪便以及控制特定农作物的耕种面积。通过集成的养分管理，我们可以预期，从2015年到2050年，养分投入将减少26％，从而有效地提高养分利用效率。该研究通过检查不同作物之间的养分利用效率来管理养分，并可以提供一种有效的方法减轻农作物种植带来的环境问题。