In a diversity panel of 96 rose genotypes, variation in the capacity to form calluses on leaf explants in vitro was investigated, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify genetic factors associated with callus formation. Calluses were induced from wounded in vitro leaflets on two media differing in their plant growth regulator composition. Significant differences between genotypes were observed in callus size on the first callus-inducing medium (CIM1, containing 10.7 µM naphthylene acetic acid) using a 0–4 scale, as well as on a second callus-inducing medium (CIM2, containing 4.5 µM dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 µM 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylaminopurine)) with callus size scales of 0.82–4. GWAS utilizing the WagRhSNP 68K SNP array for callus size induced on either CIM1 or CIM2 enabled the identification of 26 and 13 significantly associated SNPs, respectively. Among these SNPs, we found the SNPs Rh12GR_12098_1092Q (uncharacterized gene) and RhMCRND_2903_1233Q in a gene encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein were associated with callus size on CIM1, with large effects being observed between alleles. Two SNPs, RhK5_5473_763P (S-formylglutathione hydrolase) and Rh12GR_37799_568Q (polyglutamine binding protein, WW domain binding protein), were associated with callus size on CIM2 with large effect sizes. The markers associated with callus size on CIM1 form a large cluster on chromosome 3 and minor clusters on other chromosomes and provide the first preliminary indications of candidate genes responsible for the observed phenotypic variation.

在96种玫瑰基因型的多样性小组中，研究了在体外叶片外植体上形成愈伤组织的能力的变化，并进行了全基因组关联研究（GWAS），以鉴定与愈伤组织形成相关的遗传因素。从受伤的体外小叶在其植物生长调节剂组成不同的两种培养基上诱导愈伤组织。在第一个愈伤组织诱导培养基（CIM1，含有10.7 µM萘乙酸），愈伤组织大小（使用0–4标度）上，以及第二个愈伤组织诱导培养基（CIM2，含有4.5 µM二氯苯氧基乙酸，愈伤组织大小）之间，基因型之间存在显着差异酸和2 µM 6-（γ，γ-二甲基烯丙基氨基嘌呤），愈伤组织的大小范围为0.82-4。GWAS利用WagRhSNP 68K SNP阵列在CIM1或CIM2上诱导的愈伤组织大小分别鉴定了26个和13个显着相关的SNP。在这些SNP中，我们发现在编码含有五肽肽重复序列的蛋白质的基因中，SNP Rh12GR_12098_1092Q（未鉴定的基因）和RhMCRND_2903_1233Q与CIM1上的愈伤组织大小相关，在等位基因之间观察到了较大的影响。两个SNP RhK5_5473_763P（S-甲酰基谷胱甘肽水解酶）和Rh12GR_37799_568Q（聚谷氨酰胺结合蛋白，WW结构域结合蛋白）与CIM2上愈伤组织的大小相关，且影响大小较大。与CIM1上愈伤组织大小相关的标记在3号染色体上形成一个大簇，在其他染色体上形成次簇，并提供了负责观察到的表型变异的候选基因的初步指示。