Great merits have been identified for the continuous production of copper, and different continuous converting (CC) processes are developed and increasingly used for copper making. For the CC process, the equilibria of multiple phases including iron silicate slags, spinel, gas, blister, and white metal phases are clarified under a high-level P(SO2) 0.4 atm in the temperature range of 1523 K to 1573 K (1250 °C to 1300 °C). The microstructures and chemical compositions of various phases in the equilibrium system after high-temperature experiments are quantified using an electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer (EPMA). Both P(O2) and P(SO2) are accurately controlled, and based on the phase transformations in the CC system equilibrated under P(O2) of 10−5, 10−5.5, 10−5.75, and 10−6 atm, the required P(O2) range for the CC process is firstly obtained at each operational temperature. Accordingly, the phase equilibria of iron silicate slags are derived, including the equilibrium Fe/SiO2 ratio and “Cu2O” content in the liquid phase versus varying operational temperatures. The results obtained here thus provide important clues for the development of CC copper-making process.

中文翻译：

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基于相变的连续转化炼铜工艺硅酸铁渣的平衡

铜的连续生产具有很大的优点，不同的连续转化 (CC) 工艺被开发并越来越多地用于铜制造。对于 CC 工艺，在 1523 K 至 1573 K (1250 °C 至 1300 °C）。使用电子探针 X 射线显微分析仪 (EPMA) 量化高温实验后平衡系统中各相的微观结构和化学成分。P(O2) 和 P(SO2) 均得到精确控制，并基于在 P(O2) 为 10-5、10-5.5、10-5.75 和 10-6 atm 下平衡的 CC 系统中的相变，首先在每个操作温度下获得 CC 工艺所需的 P(O2) 范围。因此，推导出硅酸铁渣的相平衡，包括平衡 Fe/SiO2 比和液相中的“Cu2O”含量与不同操作温度的关系。因此，这里获得的结果为 CC 制铜工艺的发展提供了重要线索。