Self-healing metals possess the capability to autonomously repair structural damage during service. While self-healing concepts remain challenging to be realized in metals and metallic systems due to the small atomic volume of the mobile atoms, the slow diffusion unless at high temperatures and the strong isotropic metallic bonds, the scientific interest has increased sharply and promising progress is obtained. This article provides a comprehensive and updated review on the developments and limitations associated with the various modes of potentially healable damage induced in metals and alloys, i.e., stress-induced damage, irradiation-induced damage in bulk materials and contact damage in corrosion protective coatings. The spontaneous intrinsic healing mechanisms not requiring external assistance other than the material operating at the right temperature and an assisted healing mechanism with external intervention are reviewed. Promising strategies to achieve self-healing in metals are identified. Finally, we give some prospects for future research directions in self-healing metals.

中文翻译：

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自我修复金属综述：基本原理，设计原理和性能

自修复金属具有在维修过程中自动修复结构损坏的能力。尽管由于可移动原子的原子量小，除非在高温下扩散缓慢以及具有强的各向同性金属键，否则在金属和金属系统中实现自我修复的概念仍然具​​有挑战性，科学兴趣急剧增加，并且有希望的进展是获得。本文对与金属和合金中潜在可治愈的损坏的各种模式（即应力引起的损坏，散装材料中的辐照引起的损坏以及防腐蚀涂层的接触损坏）的各种模式的发展和局限性进行了全面，更新的综述。除了在适当温度下工作的材料外，不需要外部帮助的自发性内在愈合机制以及在外部干预下的辅助愈合机制进行了综述。确定了在金属中实现自我修复的可行策略。最后，我们为自愈金属的未来研究方向提供了一些前景。