Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the Leishmania species in over 98 countries in five continents. Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the main forms of the disease and is mainly caused by Leishmania infantum, whose main vector is the dipteran Lutzomyia longipalpis. The presence of the vector in Uruguay was recorded for the first time in 2010 and an autochthonous outbreak of canine visceral leishmaniasis occurred in the northern locality of the country in 2015. We report the isolation in blood-free FBS-supplemented defined media of five isolates responsible for the referred outbreak, and characterize them in terms of their growth as promastigotes, infectivity and replication in human derived monocytes and drug resistance. Results indicate similar promastigote growth among the strains, enhanced infectivity and replication for the five strains isolated from the Uruguayan outbreak when compared with reference strains from South America, equivalent drug susceptibility for miltefosine and nifurtimox and a significant difference in IC₅₀ values for amphotericin B between the Uruguayan strains, 3–4 fold higher than the reference strain.

中文翻译：

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婴儿利什曼原虫分离物表现出高传染性和对两性霉素 B 的敏感性降低

利什曼病是一种被忽视的疾病，由利什曼原虫属的原生动物寄生虫引起，遍及五大洲的 98 多个国家。内脏利什曼病是该病的主要形式之一，主要由婴儿利什曼原虫引起，其主要传播媒介是双翅目长须蛄。2010 年首次记录了该载体在乌拉圭的存在，2015 年该国北部地区爆发了犬类内脏利什曼病的本土暴发。我们报告了在添加了 FBS 的无血确定培养基中分离出五种分离株负责提到的爆发，并根据它们作为前鞭毛体的生长、感染性和在人源单核细胞中的复制以及耐药性来描述它们。结果表明，与来自南美洲的参考菌株相比，从乌拉圭疫情中分离出的五种菌株的前鞭毛体生长相似，感染性和复制增强，对米替福新和硝呋替莫的药物敏感性相当，IC 50 有显着_差异乌拉圭菌株之间的两性霉素 B 值，比参考菌株高 3-4 倍。