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An in situ approach to characterizing photosynthetic gas exchange of rice panicle.
Plant Methods ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00633-1
Tian-Gen Chang 1 , Qing-Feng Song 1 , Hong-Long Zhao 1, 2 , Shuoqi Chang 3 , Changpeng Xin 4 , Mingnan Qu 1 , Xin-Guang Zhu 1, 2
Affiliation  

Photosynthesis of reproductive organs in C3 cereals is generally regarded as important to crop yield. Whereas, photosynthetic characteristics of reproductive organs are much less understood as compared to leaf photosynthesis, mainly due to methodological limitations. To date, many indirect methods have been developed to study photosynthesis of reproductive organs and its contribution to grain yield, such as organ shading, application of herbicides and photosynthetic measurement of excised organs or tissues, which might be intrusive and cause biases. Thus, a robust and in situ approach needs to be developed. Here we report the development of a custom-built panicle photosynthesis chamber (P-chamber), which can be connected to standard infrared gas analyzers to study photosynthetic/respiratory rate of a rice panicle. With the P-chamber, we measured panicle photosynthetic characteristics of seven high-yielding elite japonica, japonica-indica hybrid and indica rice cultivars. Results show that, (1) rice panicle is photosynthetically active during grain filling, and there are substantial inter-cultivar variations in panicle photosynthetic and respiratory rates, no matter on a whole panicle basis, on an area basis or on a single spikelet basis; (2) among the seven testing cultivars, whole-panicle gross photosynthetic rates are 17–54 nmol s−1 5 days after heading under photon flux density (PFD) of 2000 μmol (photons) m−2 s−1, which represent some 20–38% of that of the corresponding flag leaves; (3) rice panicle photosynthesis has higher apparent CO2 compensation point, light compensation point and apparent CO2 saturation point, as compared to that of a typical leaf; (4) there is a strong and significant positive correlation between gross photosynthetic rate 5 days after heading on a single spikelet basis and grain setting rate at harvest (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.93, p value < 0.0001). Rice panicle gross photosynthesis is significant, has great natural variation, and plays an underappreciated role in grain yield formation. The P-Chamber can be used as a tool to study in situ photosynthetic characteristics of irregular non-foliar plant organs, such as ears, culms, leaf sheaths, fruits and branches, which is a relatively less explored area in current cereal breeding community.

中文翻译:

一种表征水稻穗部光合气体交换的原位方法。

C3谷物生殖器官的光合作用通常被认为对作物产量很重要。然而,与叶片光合作用相比,生殖器官的光合作用特性知之甚少,主要是由于方法学的限制。迄今为止,已经开发了许多间接方法来研究生殖器官的光合作用及其对粮食产量的贡献,例如器官遮荫、除草剂的应用和切除器官或组织的光合作用测量,这些方法可能具有侵入性并导致偏差。因此,需要开发一种稳健的原位方法。在这里,我们报告了一个定制的穗光合作用室(P-chamber)的开发,它可以连接到标准的红外气体分析仪来研究水稻穗的光合/呼吸速率。有了 P 室,我们测量了7个高产优良粳稻、粳籼杂种和籼稻品种的穗光合特性。结果表明:(1)水稻穗在灌浆过程中光合活跃,无论是在整个穗上、在面积上还是在单个小穗上,品种间的穗光合速率和呼吸速率都存在较大差异;(2) 7个供试品种中,在光子通量密度(PFD)为2000 μmol(photons) m-2 s-1的条件下,抽穗5天后全穗总光合速率为17-54 nmol s-1,代表了一些相应旗叶的20-38%;(3)水稻穗光合作用的表观CO2补偿点、光照补偿点和表观CO2饱和点均高于典型叶片;(4)单穗抽穗后5天的总光合速率与收获时的结实率呈强显着正相关(Pearson相关系数r=0.93,p值<0.0001)。水稻穗部总光合作用显着,具有很大的自然变异,在谷物产量形成中的作用被低估。P-Chamber 可作为一种工具来研究不规则的非叶面植物器官,如穗、秆、叶鞘、果实和树枝的原位光合特性,这是当前谷物育种界探索相对较少的领域。水稻穗部总光合作用显着,具有很大的自然变异,在谷物产量形成中的作用被低估。P-Chamber 可作为一种工具来研究不规则的非叶面植物器官,如穗、秆、叶鞘、果实和树枝的原位光合特性,这是当前谷物育种界探索相对较少的领域。水稻穗部总光合作用显着,具有很大的自然变异,在谷物产量形成中的作用被低估。P-Chamber 可作为一种工具来研究不规则的非叶面植物器官,如穗、秆、叶鞘、果实和树枝的原位光合特性,这是当前谷物育种界探索相对较少的领域。
更新日期:2020-07-06
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