Seismic attenuation is one of the main factors responsible for degradation of the resolution of seismic data. During seismic wave propagation in attenuation medium, the energy of signal components seriously decreases, especially those with higher frequencies. The seismic attenuation and resolution reduction are generally compensated for with inverse Q filtering in the frequency or time domain. However, the implementation of prestack inverse Q filtering is challenging because the traveltime in each layer is not easy to obtain for the prestack seismic gather, unless the accurate velocity model is known. In this study, we propose an inverse Q filtering method for the prestack seismic gather that uses the local slope and warped mapping to determine the propagation path, and Taylor-expansion-based division is used to stabilize the inversion. The local slope can determine the reflection events with the same ray path, and the inverse warped mapping can transform the attenuation factor from the |${t_0} - p$| (zero-offset traveltime to ray parameter) domain to the |$t - x$| (traveltime and offset) domain. The attenuation factor in the |${t_0} - p$| domain is easy to calculate because the traveltimes and Q values in each layer are known. The proposed oriented prestack inverse Q filtering method is velocity-independent and suitable for a depth varying Q model. The synthetic and real data examples demonstrated that the method can effectively correct the attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves, and can obtain prestack seismic gathers with high resolution.

中文翻译：

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定向叠前反Q滤波可增强地震数据的分辨率

地震衰减是导致地震数据分辨率下降的主要因素之一。在衰减介质中的地震波传播期间，信号分量的能量会严重降低，尤其是那些频率较高的信号。通常用频域或时域中的反Q滤波来补偿地震衰减和分辨率降低。但是，叠前逆Q滤波的实现具有挑战性，因为除非知道精确的速度模型，否则对于叠前地震道集很难获得每一层的传播时间。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种针对叠前地震道集的反Q滤波方法，该方法使用局部斜率和翘曲映射来确定传播路径，并使用基于泰勒展开的划分法来稳定反演。| $ {t_0}-p $ | （到ray参数的零偏移行进时间）域到| $ t-x $ | （旅行时间和偏移量）域。| $ {t_0}-p $ |中的衰减因子 因为每个层的传播时间和Q值是已知的，所以易于计算域。所提出的定向叠前逆Q滤波方法与速度无关，适用于深度变化的Q模型。综合和真实的数据实例表明，该方法可以有效地校正地震波的衰减和弥散，并且可以获得高分辨率的叠前地震道集。