Intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) of the human brain has long been known to elicit a remarkable variety of perceptual, motor and cognitive effects, but the functional–anatomical basis of this heterogeneity remains poorly understood. We conducted a whole-brain mapping of iES-elicited effects, collecting first-person reports following iES at 1,537 cortical sites in 67 participants implanted with intracranial electrodes. We found that intrinsic network membership and the principal gradient of functional connectivity strongly predicted the type and frequency of iES-elicited effects in a given brain region. While iES in unimodal brain networks at the base of the cortical hierarchy elicited frequent and simple effects, effects became increasingly rare, heterogeneous and complex in heteromodal and transmodal networks higher in the hierarchy. Our study provides a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between the hierarchical organization of intrinsic functional networks and the causal modulation of human behaviour and experience with iES.

长期以来，众所周知，人脑颅内电刺激（iES）会引起各种各样的知觉，运动和认知作用，但是这种异质性的功能解剖学基础仍然知之甚少。我们对iES引起的效果进行了全脑映射，在iES之后的67位植入颅内电极的参与者的1,537个皮质部位收集了第一人称报告。我们发现，固有网络成员资格和功能连接性的主要梯度强烈预测了给定大脑区域iES引起的效应的类型和频率。皮质层次基础上的单峰脑网络中的iES引起频繁且简单的作用，但在层次更高的异峰和跨峰网络中，作用变得越来越罕见，异质且复杂。