ABSTRACT

In this study, aluminum/ammonium perchlorate (Al/AP) nanocomposites were prepared through a simple solvent evaporation and crystallization method to increase the interfacial contact area between the fuel and oxidizer, thus improving their energetic performances. This is an effective way of obtaining Al nanoparticles, which are desirable, while avoiding aggregation and the introduction of a non-component of solid propellants. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized and their exothermic behaviors and combustion performance were tested. Differential thermal analysis results show that compared to raw Al nanoparticles and the simply mixed samples, Al/AP nanocomposites release more heat. Compared to the combustion process of raw Al nanoparticles and the simply mixed samples, that of Al/AP nanocomposites need shorter combustion durations – the duration to maximum flame – and produce a bigger maximum flame. The better energetic performances are attributed to the self-supplying system and larger interfacial contact between the fuel and oxidizer, respectively. The energetic performances of Al/AP nanocomposites with different weight ratios of Al nanoparticles were also studied. Results showed that Al/AP nanocomposites with a 40% weight ratio of Al nanoparticles had the best combustion performance due to the interaction of the rapid accumulation of heat from the reaction between Al and oxygen and the increasing gas generation.

摘要

在这项研究中，通过简单的溶剂蒸发和结晶方法制备了铝/高氯酸铵（Al/AP）纳米复合材料，以增加燃料和氧化剂之间的界面接触面积，从而提高其能量性能。这是获得理想的 Al 纳米颗粒的有效方法，同时避免聚集和引入固体推进剂的非组分。对所制备的纳米复合材料进行了表征，并测试了它们的放热行为和燃烧性能。差热分析结果表明，与原始Al纳米颗粒和简单混合的样品相比，Al/AP纳米复合材料释放的热量更多。与原始铝纳米粒子和简单混合样品的燃烧过程相比，Al/AP 纳米复合材料需要更短的燃烧持续时间——达到最大火焰的持续时间——并产生更大的最大火焰。更好的能量性能分别归因于自供系统和燃料和氧化剂之间更大的界面接触。还研究了具有不同重量比的Al纳米颗粒的Al/AP纳米复合材料的能量性能。结果表明，由于Al与氧气反应产生的热量快速积累与气体生成量增加的相互作用，Al纳米颗粒重量比为40%的Al/AP纳米复合材料具有最佳的燃烧性能。更好的能量性能分别归因于自供系统和燃料和氧化剂之间更大的界面接触。还研究了具有不同重量比的Al纳米颗粒的Al/AP纳米复合材料的能量性能。结果表明，由于Al与氧气反应产生的热量快速积累与气体生成量增加的相互作用，Al纳米颗粒重量比为40%的Al/AP纳米复合材料具有最佳的燃烧性能。更好的能量性能分别归因于自供系统和燃料和氧化剂之间更大的界面接触。还研究了具有不同重量比的Al纳米颗粒的Al/AP纳米复合材料的能量性能。结果表明，由于Al与氧气反应产生的热量快速积累与气体生成量增加的相互作用，Al纳米颗粒重量比为40%的Al/AP纳米复合材料具有最佳的燃烧性能。