The free living larvae of anurans (i.e., tadpoles) are a key element in the evolution and diversification of this group, and as such, their morphology is an important element to understand the phylogenetic relationships of frogs. However, the lack of data on larval morphology prevents us from fully understanding larval evolution in several lineages. The Neotropical genus Proceratophrys currently comprises 39 species, but descriptions of the internal morphology of larvae in this group are rare and restricted to few aspects of their buccopharyngeal cavity, chondrocranium, and muscles. In the present study, I describe the internal anatomy of the tadpole of P. minuta and report a new remarkable myological character state for the species. Given the rarity of this material, the description of this species' buccopharyngeal and musculo‐skeletal elements is based on two tadpoles in developmental stages 30 and 31. Several new apomorphic character states are described: (a) the presence of a conical papilla in the interior of the nostril; (b) a row of five short, conical papilla preceding the tall, postnarial papilla; and (c) the m. mandibulolabialis inserting in the gular skin. This latter feature is a remarkable, newly discovered character state that had never been reported in the literature before and is probably related to a particular feeding habit of the tadpoles of this species. The function of the m. mandibulolabialis in P. minuta is unknown.

中文翻译：

---

Proceratophrys minuta Napoli，Cruz，Abreu和Del-Grande的杰出幼体解剖，2011年（两栖动物：阿努拉动物：齿don科）

ur的自由生活幼虫（即t）是该类动物进化和多样化的关键因素，因此，它们的形态是了解青蛙系统发育关系的重要因素。但是，关于幼虫形态的数据的缺乏使我们无法完全了解几个谱系中的幼虫进化。新热带的Proceratophrys属目前包括39种，但是该组幼虫内部形态的描述很少，并且仅限于其颊咽腔，软骨颅骨和肌肉的某些方面。在本研究中，我描述了min的uta的内部解剖。并报告了该物种新的非凡的生物学特征状态。鉴于这种材料的稀有性，该物种的舌咽和肌肉骨骼元素的描述基于处于发育阶段30和31的两个t。描述了几种新的无性形态状态：（a）圆锥形乳头存在于鼻孔内部；（b）一排五个短圆锥形乳头，位于较高的后乳头；和（c）m。下颌骨插入喉状皮肤。后一个特征是一个显着的新发现的字符状态，以前在文献中从未报道过，并且可能与该物种particular的特定摄食习性有关。m的功能。minuta的下颌骨不明。