Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as master regulators of intestinal health and tissue homeostasis in mammals. Through a diverse array of cytokines and cellular interactions, ILC3s crucially orchestrate lymphoid organogenesis, promote tissue protection or regeneration, facilitate antimicrobial responses, and directly regulate adaptive immunity. Further, translational studies have found that ILC3 responses are altered in the intestine of defined patient populations with chronic infectious, inflammatory, or metabolic diseases. Therefore, it is essential to broadly understand the signals that activate, suppress, or fine-tune ILC3s in the gut. Here, we discuss recent exciting advances in this field, integrate them into our current understanding of ILC3 biology, and highlight fundamental gaps in knowledge that require additional investigation.

第 3 组先天性淋巴样细胞 (ILC3) 已成为哺乳动物肠道健康和组织稳态的主要调节剂。通过多种细胞因子和细胞相互作用，ILC3 至关重要地协调淋巴器官发生，促进组织保护或再生，促进抗菌反应，并直接调节适应性免疫。此外，转化研究发现，ILC3 反应在患有慢性感染、炎症或代谢疾病的特定患者群体的肠道中发生了改变。因此，必须广泛了解激活、抑制或微调肠道中 ILC3 的信号。在这里，我们讨论了该领域最近令人兴奋的进展，将它们整合到我们目前对 ILC3 生物学的理解中，