It has been argued that learning from flood experience contributes to flood resilience. However, it is unclear what such a learning process involves, and it is debatable whether flood experience always leads to flood resilience. To bridge this research gap, we develop the Learning from Floods (LFF) model to articulate the process of learning from flood experience and how it affects flood resilience. The LFF model suggests that flood experience prompts individual and social learning to give rise to flood-related knowledge, which is subject to learning opportunity, learning motivation, and prior knowledge. Flood-related knowledge could inform flood management and/or other action, which however can be limited by barriers, including information and resource availability, attitude, social capital, and policy barriers. Together, flood-related knowledge and its resulting action are considered the lesson learned, which then affects flood resilience through changing floodability, recoverability, adaptability, and/or transformability. We apply the LFF model to discuss the different learning processes and their respective effects on flood resilience in two environments. It suggests that an environment that is well-protected by flood control infrastructure is not conducive to learning about flood mitigation. Subsequently, we call for learning-based flood mitigation to nurture flood resilience in the face of climate change.

有人认为，从洪水经验中学到的知识有助于洪水的复原力。但是，尚不清楚这样的学习过程涉及什么，并且洪水经验是否总是导致洪水复原力尚有争议。为了弥合这一研究差距，我们开发了“洪水学习”（LFF）模型，以阐明从洪水经验中学习的过程以及它如何影响洪水的复原力。LFF模型表明，洪水经验会促使个人和社会学习产生与洪水有关的知识，这些知识取决于学习机会，学习动机和先验知识。与洪水有关的知识可以为洪水管理和/或其他行动提供信息，但是这些行动可能会受到障碍的限制，包括信息和资源的可获得性，态度，社会资本和政策障碍。一起，与洪水有关的知识及其产生的作用被认为是汲取的教训，然后通过改变洪水能力，可恢复性，适应性和/或可转换性来影响洪水的复原力。我们使用LFF模型来讨论两种环境中不同的学习过程及其对洪水抗灾力的影响。这表明受防洪基础设施良好保护的环境不利于减灾知识的学习。随后，我们呼吁采取基于学习的减灾措施，以在面对气候变化的情况下培养抗洪能力。我们使用LFF模型来讨论两种环境中不同的学习过程及其对洪水抗灾力的影响。这表明受防洪基础设施良好保护的环境不利于减灾知识的学习。随后，我们呼吁采取基于学习的减灾措施，以在面对气候变化的情况下培养抗洪能力。我们使用LFF模型来讨论两种环境中不同的学习过程及其对洪水抗灾力的影响。这表明受防洪基础设施良好保护的环境不利于减灾知识的学习。随后，我们呼吁采取基于学习的减灾措施，以在面对气候变化的情况下培养抗洪能力。