Increasing number of consumer chemicals have been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in human populations. However, many studies that investigated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGRF) as an outcome reported inconsistent associations. In the present study, we employed a subset (n = 1292) of a nationally representative adult population participating in Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015–2017, and assessed associations of major phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and parabens with both eGRF and albuminuria. In order to address a potential collider issue, a covariate-adjusted standardization method was applied, in addition to the conventional creatinine-correction, for adjusting urine dilution. Regardless of adjustment method, urinary DEHP metabolites showed significant positive associations with albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). In addition, urinary metabolites of other heavy molecular weight phthalates such as MCOP and MCNP showed significant positive associations with ACR in the female population, but only following the covariate-adjusted standardization. For eGFR, conventional creatinine-correction resulted in positive associations with most of measured phthalate metabolites. However, with the covariate-adjusted standardization, most of positive associations with eGFR disappeared, and instead, significant negative associations were observed for MnBP, BPA, and EtP. Secondary analysis following stratification by CKD status, as well as principal component analysis (PCA), generally supported the observed associations. The present observations highlight the importance of urine dilution adjustment method for association studies on eGFR, and suggest potential effects of several consumer chemicals on adverse kidney function among humans.

越来越多的消费化学品与人群中的慢性肾脏病（CKD）有关。然而，许多研究结果估计肾小球滤过率（eGRF）的报告不一致。在本研究中，我们采用了2015年至2017年韩国国家环境健康调查（KoNEHS）中具有全国代表性的成年人群的子集（n = 1292），并评估了主要邻苯二甲酸酯，双酚A（BPA）和对羟基苯甲酸酯与eGRF和蛋白尿。为了解决潜在的对撞机问题，除常规的肌酐校正外，还应用了协变量调整的标准化方法来调整尿液稀释度。不管调整方法如何 尿中DEHP代谢物与白蛋白/肌酐比（ACR）呈显着正相关。此外，在女性人群中，其他重分子量邻苯二甲酸酯（如MCOP和MCNP）的尿液代谢物与ACR呈显着正相关，但仅在经协变量调整的标准化后才能进行。对于eGFR，常规肌酐校正导致与大多数测得的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物呈正相关。然而，通过协变量调整的标准化，大多数与eGFR的正相关性消失了，相反，对于MnBP，BPA和EtP观察到了显着的负相关性。通过CKD身份分层后的二级分析以及主成分分析（PCA）通常支持观察到的关联。