To reveal the selective pressures of near-shore human activities on marine and continental bioaerosols, the pollution profile and potential exposure risk of airborne pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in Pearl River Estuaries (113.52 ^oE, 22.69 ^oN), a transitional zone between marine and continental environments, were fully explored. The results showed that the total bacteria among bioaerosols varied largely with average pollution levels of 1.86 × 10⁵ and 4.35 × 10⁴ cfu m⁻³ in spring and summer, respectively, and were high than those of airborne fungi. The predominant aerodynamic diameters of bioaerosols were in respirable size range (<4.7 µm), and the microbes communities’ diversity and abundance varied significantly. Besides, many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter) and fungi (Alternaria, Penicillium and Cladosporium) were dominant in bioaerosol samples. Of 21 ARGs subtypes detected, the tetracycline resistance gene tetA was the most abundant, followed by aminoglycoside resistance gene and mobile genetic elements. Correlation analysis revealed that the changes of pathogens community contributed significantly to the prevalence of ARGs in bioaerosol. Based on the average daily dose rates of microorganisms and human direct intake of ARGs, health risk of bioaerosols from the Pearl River Estuaries were also evaluated. In summary, the presence of opportunistic pathogens and diversity of ARGs strengthens the call to consider the bioaerosol in air quality monitoring and risk assessment in the future.

为了揭示近岸人类活动对海洋和大陆生物气溶胶的选择性压力，珠江口（113.52 ^o E，22.69 ^o N）的污染概况以及空气传播的病原体和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的潜在暴露风险，充分探索了海洋和大陆环境之间的过渡带。结果表明，生物气溶胶中的细菌总数变化很大，平均污染水平为1.86×10 ⁵和4.35×10 ⁴ cfu m ^-3在春季和夏季分别比空气传播真菌高。生物气溶胶的主要空气动力学直径在可呼吸的尺寸范围内（<4.7 µm），并且微生物群落的多样性和丰度变化很大。此外，在生物气溶胶样品中，许多机会性致病菌（伯克霍尔德氏菌-Paraburkholderia，葡萄球菌和不动杆菌）和真菌（链霉菌，青霉和克拉多孢菌）占优势。在检测到的21种ARGs亚型中，四环素抗性基因tetA是最丰富的，其次是氨基糖苷抗性基因和移动遗传元件。相关分析表明，病原菌群落的变化对生物气溶胶中ARGs的发生有很大的影响。根据微生物的日平均剂量率和人类直接摄入的ARG，还评估了珠江口生物气溶胶的健康风险。总而言之，机会病原体的存在和ARGs的多样性增强了在未来的空气质量监测和风险评估中考虑使用生物气溶胶的呼声。