Nickel hyperaccumulator plants require highly evolved mechanisms to avoid cellular-level toxicity to cope with the high prevailing concentrations of nickel in their seeds and seedlings. This study aimed to investigate tissue-level distribution and redistribution of Ni and other physiologically relevant elements during the germination of hyperaccumulator plants. Berkheya coddii Roessler (Asteraceae) and Odontarrhena muralis sensu latu (Waldst. & Kit.) Endl. (O. chalcidica), formerly Alyssum murale (Waldst. & Kit.) (Brassicaceae), were germinated for several days at room temperature before using synchrotron micro X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (µXRF) to obtain high-sensitivity and high-resolution elemental images of live/hydrated plants at various stages of seed germination and seedling growth. The results show that fruits and seeds of both species were highly enriched in nickel. In Berkheya coddii, nickel was located in the cotyledons, the micropylar area, the seed coat, and the point of attachment of the pappus with the cypsela body. In Odontarrhena muralis seeds, nickel occurred in the cotyledons and hypocotyl. The emergence of true leaves initiates nickel and calcium redistribution within seedlings in both species. The diversity in physiological responses to nickel in Berkheya coddii and Odontarrhena muralis does not only occur at the mature stage, but is inherent to both species as seed elemental storage and tolerance mechanisms during seedling development differ.

中文翻译：

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Berkheya coddii 和 Odontarrhena muralis 在发芽和幼苗生长过程中的活幼苗的同步加速器 µXRF 成像

镍超富集植物需要高度进化的机制来避免细胞水平的毒性，以应对其种子和幼苗中普遍存在的高浓度镍。本研究旨在研究超富集植物萌发过程中镍和其他生理相关元素的组织水平分布和再分布。Berkheya coddii Roessler (Asteraceae) 和 Odontarrhena muralis sensu latu (Waldst. & Kit.) Endl。(O. chalcidica)，原名 Alyssum murale (Waldst. & Kit.) (Brassicaceae)，在使用同步加速器微 X 射线荧光光谱 (µXRF) 获得高灵敏度和高分辨率元素之前，在室温下发芽数天处于种子萌发和幼苗生长各个阶段的活/水合植物的图像。结果表明，这两个物种的果实和种子都富含镍。在 Berkheya coddii 中，镍位于子叶、珠孔区、种皮以及冠毛与 cypsela 体的连接点。在 Odontarrhena muralis 种子中，镍存在于子叶和下胚轴中。真叶的出现引发了两种物种幼苗内镍和钙的重新分布。Berkheya coddii 和 Odontarrhena muralis 对镍的生理反应的多样性不仅发生在成熟阶段，而且是两种物种固有的，因为幼苗发育过程中的种子元素储存和耐受机制不同。以及冠部与cypsela体的附着点。在 Odontarrhena muralis 种子中，镍存在于子叶和下胚轴中。真叶的出现引发了两种物种幼苗内镍和钙的重新分布。Berkheya coddii 和 Odontarrhena muralis 对镍的生理反应的多样性不仅发生在成熟阶段，而且是两种物种固有的，因为幼苗发育过程中的种子元素储存和耐受机制不同。以及冠部与cypsela体的附着点。在 Odontarrhena muralis 种子中，镍存在于子叶和下胚轴中。真叶的出现引发了两种物种幼苗内镍和钙的重新分布。Berkheya coddii 和 Odontarrhena muralis 对镍的生理反应的多样性不仅发生在成熟阶段，而且是两种物种固有的，因为幼苗发育过程中的种子元素储存和耐受机制不同。