The present study investigated the biochemical toxicity and potential detoxification mechanisms in earthworms Eisenia fetida exposed to sulfamethazine (SMZ) (7.5, 15 and 30 mg kg⁻¹) either alone or in combination with Copper (Cu) (100 mg kg⁻¹) in soil. The results showed that increasing concentrations of SMZ in soil activated superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase isozymes, suggesting reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in earthworms. Treatment with SMZ and Cu separately or in combination caused protein oxidation and damage, elevating the synthesis of ubiquitin, the 20S proteasome, cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Such treatments also induced the activities of proteases, endoproteinase (EP) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The results suggested that the ubiquitin-20S proteasome, proteases, EP and HSP70 were involved in degradation or remediation of oxidatively damaged proteins. Elevated levels of CYP450 and GSTs also participated in the detoxification of the earthworms.

中文翻译：

---

磺胺二甲嘧啶和铜暴露于f埃塞俄比亚E中的生化毒性和潜在的排毒机理。

本研究调查了单独或与铜（Cu）（100 mg kg ^-1）接触磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMZ）（7.5、15和30 mg kg ^-1）暴露于f的艾美氏E（Eisenia fetida）的生化毒性和潜在的排毒机理。）在土壤中。结果表明，土壤中活化的超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶同工酶中SMZ的浓度不断增加，表明earth中的活性氧（ROS）突然爆发。分别或联合使用SMZ和Cu进行处理会引起蛋白质氧化和损伤，从而提高了泛素，20S蛋白酶体，细胞色素P450（CYP450）和热休克蛋白70（HSP70）的合成。此类处理还诱导了蛋白酶，内蛋白酶（EP）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的活性。结果表明，泛素20S蛋白酶体，蛋白酶，EP和HSP70参与了氧化损伤蛋白的降解或修复。CYP450和GSTs水平升高也参与了the的解毒。