Wetlands are environments whose water balance is highly sensitive to climate change and human action. This sensitivity has allowed us to explore the relationships between surface water and groundwater in the long term as their sediments record all these changes and go beyond the instrumental/observational period. The Lagunas Reales, in central Spain, is a semi-arid inland wetland endangered by both climate and human activity. The reconstruction of the hydroclimate and water levels from sedimentary facies, as well as the changes in the position of the surface water and groundwater via the record of their geochemical fingerprint in the sediments, has allowed us to establish a conceptual model for the response of the hydrological system (surface water and groundwater) to climate. Arid periods are characterized by low levels of the deeper saline groundwater and by a greater influence of the surface freshwater. A positive water balance during wet periods allows the discharge of the deeper saline groundwater into the wetland, causing an increase in salinity. These results contrast with the classical model where salinity increases were related to greater evaporation rates and this opens up a new way of understanding the evolution of the hydrology of wetlands and their resilience to natural and anthropogenic changes.

中文翻译：

---

半干旱内陆临时湿地气候依赖型地下水排放：西班牙中部拉古纳斯雷亚斯全新世沉积物的经验教训

湿地是水平衡对气候变化和人类活动高度敏感的环境。这种敏感性使我们能够长期探索地表水和地下水之间的关系，因为它们的沉积物记录了所有这些变化并超越了仪器/观测时期。Lagunas Reales 位于西班牙中部，是半干旱的内陆湿地，受到气候和人类活动的威胁。从沉积相重建水文气候和水位，以及通过记录沉积物中地表水和地下水的地球化学指纹来重建地表水和地下水位置的变化，使我们能够建立一个概念模型来响应地表水和地下水的响应。水文系统（地表水和地下水）对气候的影响。干旱时期的特点是较深的含盐地下水含量低，地表淡水的影响更大。潮湿时期的正水平衡允许更深的含盐地下水排放到湿地，导致盐度增加。这些结果与盐度增加与更大蒸发率相关的经典模型形成对比，这开辟了一种理解湿地水文演变及其对自然和人为变化的复原力的新方法。