In this study, damage to residual trees during thinning performed by motor-manual felling and whole tree skidding was studied in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Forest intervention was carried out in 2016 and tree wounds were studied and examined over a period of three years. The results indicated that 8% of the residual trees suffered damage, of which 52% was caused by felling operations and 48% by extraction operations. Among the damaged trees, 13% had damage to the root system, 53% to the bole, and 34% to the crown area. The average wound size at the time of occurrence was 71.3 cm². This was found to be reduced to 54.4 cm² after a three year period. Wound intensity decreased with higher wound height and increased size. Three years after wound occurrence, only 6.6% were closed, 90.6% were still open, and 2.8% were decayed. The diameter growth in damaged trees was 1.7% lower than in undamaged trees (p > 0.05). Damage to the root system of residual trees reduced diameter growth by 3% (p < 0.05). Intensive wounds (damaged wood) caused a reduction of 22.7% in diameter growth (p < 0.01). In addition, the diameter growth in trees with decayed wounds was 27.4% lower than unwounded trees (p < 0.01). Pre-harvest planning, directional tree felling, marking of the extraction path before logging operations, employment of skilled logging workers, and post-harvest assessment of damaged residual trees are essential implementations in timber plantations.

中文翻译：

---

连续细化操作期间短期恢复残余树木损害的方法

在这项研究中，在火炬松（Pinus taeda L.）人工林中，研究了通过人工砍伐和整棵树打滑对疏伐过程中残留树木的损害。2016年进行了森林干预，并在三年内研究并检查了树木的伤口。结果表明，有8％的残留树木遭到破坏，其中52％是砍伐作业造成的，48％是采伐作业造成的。在受损树木中，有13％对根系有损害，对树干有53％，对树冠区域有34％。发生时的平均伤口尺寸为71.3cm ²。发现减少到54.4 cm ²三年后。伤口强度随着伤口高度的增加和大小的增加而降低。伤口发生三年后，仅6.6％闭合，90.6％仍开放，而2.8％腐烂。受损树木的直径增长比未受损树木的直径增长低1.7％（p > 0.05）。残留树木的根系受损使直径增长减少了3％（p <0.05）。强烈的伤口（受损的木材）导致直径增长减少了22.7％（p <0.01）。此外，伤口腐烂的树木的直径增长比未受伤的树木低27.4％（p<0.01）。木材种植园中的收获前计划，定向砍伐树木，在伐木作业之前标记出采伐路径，雇用熟练的伐木工人以及对受损的残留树木进行收获后评估是木材种植园的重要措施。